{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2467379761","doi":null,"title":"Reprogramming pacemakers enhances longevity and is cost-effective.","display_name":"Reprogramming pacemakers enhances longevity and is cost-effective.","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2467379761","mag":"2467379761","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8901754"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:8901754","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8901754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042866884","display_name":"George H. Crossley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0096-8401","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0096-8401"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282516798","display_name":"Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist","ror":"https://ror.org/04v8djg66","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282516798","https://openalex.org/I47251452"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47251452","display_name":"Wake Forest University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207ad724","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G H Crossley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1045, USA. gcrossle@bgsm.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1045, USA. gcrossle@bgsm.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282516798","https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084269035","display_name":"DAVID D. GAYLE","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D D Gayle","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111969446","display_name":"Tony W. Simmons","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T W Simmons","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015025787","display_name":"Wesley K. Haisty","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W K Haisty","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110299793","display_name":"J. Ronald Bailey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J R Bailey","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057939658","display_name":"K Davis-O'Brien","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Davis-O'Brien","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017000834","display_name":"John W. Hammon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J W Hammon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029003531","display_name":"David M. Fitzgerald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5770-3220","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5770-3220"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D M Fitzgerald","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3148,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89771874,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"94","issue":"9 Suppl","first_page":"II245","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10598","display_name":"Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10598","display_name":"Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11551","display_name":"Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-energy-consumption","display_name":"battery consumption","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pacing-threshold","display_name":"pacing threshold","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.7419999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8197571039199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776759703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066907","display_name":"Longevity","level":2,"score":0.72083580493927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781411149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486975","display_name":"Implant","level":2,"score":0.6072344779968262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51319974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3509564","display_name":"Pulse generator","level":3,"score":0.5712876319885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.5361049175262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.2777288556098938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.16881895065307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15389618277549744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0926809310913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08656981587409973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003365","descriptor_name":"Costs and Cost Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010138","descriptor_name":"Pacemaker, Artificial","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:8901754","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8901754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2467379761","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8901754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2024883853","https://openalex.org/W7099221245","https://openalex.org/W2106146341","https://openalex.org/W2044910461","https://openalex.org/W1591112668","https://openalex.org/W1968178584","https://openalex.org/W2152111908","https://openalex.org/W2077399839","https://openalex.org/W1988648651","https://openalex.org/W1969512904"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Historically,":[1],"the":[2,9,14,19,44,61,127,163,187,221],"majority":[3],"of":[4,21,37,117,129,144,157,236,246],"pulse":[5,45,132,151,223],"generators":[6,152],"implanted":[7,153],"in":[8,65,70,93,97,179],"United":[10],"States":[11],"remain":[12],"at":[13,120,146,170,202,211,232],"nominal":[15,25,171,203],"programmed":[16,213],"settings":[17,26,82,172,177,183,205,214],"from":[18],"time":[20],"implant.":[22],"While":[23],"these":[24,138],"typically":[27],"allow":[28],"a":[29,94,233],"sufficient":[30],"safety":[31,87,192],"margin":[32],"to":[33,54,125],"prevent":[34],"later":[35],"loss":[36],"capture":[38,74],"with":[39,47,173],"potential":[40],"chronic":[41,73],"threshold":[42],"rise,":[43],"generator":[46,105,133,224],"significant":[48,95],"use":[49],"would":[50,77],"not":[51],"be":[52],"expected":[53],"last":[55],"longer":[56,104],"than":[57],"that":[58,154,174],"predicted":[59,195],"by":[60,186,226],"manufacturer.":[62],"However,":[63],"improvements":[64],"lead":[66],"technology":[67],"have":[68],"resulted":[69],"significantly":[71],"lower":[72,79],"thresholds,":[75],"which":[76],"permit":[78],"programmable":[80],"output":[81],"while":[83],"still":[84],"allowing":[85],"acceptable":[86],"margins.":[88,193],"Such":[89],"changes":[90],"could":[91],"result":[92],"reduction":[96],"long-term":[98],"battery":[99,159,168],"drain":[100],"and":[101,135,149,206,251],"translate":[102],"into":[103],"life.":[106],"METHODS":[107],"AND":[108],"RESULTS:":[109],"One":[110],"hundred":[111],"eighty":[112],"consecutive":[113],"patients":[114],"undergoing":[115],"implantation":[116],"permanent":[118,247],"pacemakers":[119,248],"our":[121,147],"institution":[122,148],"were":[123,155,184],"studied":[124],"determine":[126],"impact":[128],"reprogramming":[130,219],"on":[131,167,176],"longevity":[134,165,196,225],"cost.":[136],"Of":[137],"patients,":[139],"122":[140],"completed":[141],"6":[142],"months":[143],"follow-up":[145],"had":[150],"capable":[156],"measuring":[158],"current.":[160],"We":[161],"compared":[162],"estimated":[164,222],"based":[166,175],"current":[169],"achieved":[178],"follow-up.":[180],"The":[181,194],"final":[182,212],"determined":[185],"patient's":[188],"physician":[189],"using":[190],"standard":[191],"was":[197],"6.95":[198],"+/-":[199,208,228],"1.59":[200],"years":[201,210,230],"implant":[204],"11.16":[207],"2.71":[209],"(P":[215],"<":[216],".001).":[217],"Therefore,":[218],"extends":[220],"4.25":[227],"2.14":[229],"(64%)":[231],"mean":[234],"cost":[235],"$110":[237],"per":[238,241],"patient":[239],"(+37":[240],"year":[242],"extended).":[243],"CONCLUSIONS:":[244],"Reprogramming":[245],"is":[249],"efficacious":[250],"cost-effective.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}
