{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2467366228","doi":null,"title":"[The analysis of formant characteristics of vowels in the speech of patient with cleft palate].","display_name":"[The analysis of formant characteristics of vowels in the speech of patient with cleft palate].","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2467366228","mag":"2467366228","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14732979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:14732979","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14732979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology","raw_type":"English Abstract"},"volume":null,"type":"other","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104104608","display_name":"Xuecai Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116869","display_name":"Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/026e9yy16","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116869"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuecai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024","https://openalex.org/I4210116869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073148533","display_name":"Ningyi Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ningyi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031460285","display_name":"Lingxue Bu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7225-0100","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7225-0100"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingxue Bu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"451","last_page":"3, 462"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11374","display_name":"Cleft Lip and Palate Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11374","display_name":"Cleft Lip and Palate Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cleft-palate","display_name":"cleft palate","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formant-frequencies","display_name":"formant frequencies","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vowels","display_name":"vowels","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-therapy","display_name":"speech therapy","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/velopharyngeal-competence","display_name":"velopharyngeal competence","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-speech-outcomes","display_name":"postoperative speech outcomes","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/velopharyngeal-insufficiency","display_name":"velopharyngeal insufficiency","score":0.7590000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158215666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414685","display_name":"Formant","level":3,"score":0.8145497441291809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.7086888551712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986304054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33226","display_name":"Speech therapy","level":2,"score":0.6880583763122559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6264268159866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.5059210658073425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988626262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2796622","display_name":"Mean value","level":2,"score":0.467633992433548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.405592679977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.2841094732284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1916728913784027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.17831307649612427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.06961685419082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.06364420056343079}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001184","descriptor_name":"Articulation Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001184","descriptor_name":"Articulation Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001184","descriptor_name":"Articulation Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001184","descriptor_name":"Articulation Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001184","descriptor_name":"Articulation Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001184","descriptor_name":"Articulation Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002972","descriptor_name":"Cleft Palate","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002972","descriptor_name":"Cleft Palate","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002972","descriptor_name":"Cleft Palate","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002972","descriptor_name":"Cleft Palate","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002972","descriptor_name":"Cleft Palate","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002972","descriptor_name":"Cleft Palate","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002972","descriptor_name":"Cleft Palate","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002972","descriptor_name":"Cleft Palate","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002972","descriptor_name":"Cleft Palate","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011184","descriptor_name":"Postoperative Period","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011184","descriptor_name":"Postoperative Period","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011184","descriptor_name":"Postoperative Period","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013018","descriptor_name":"Sound Spectrography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013018","descriptor_name":"Sound Spectrography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013018","descriptor_name":"Sound Spectrography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013062","descriptor_name":"Speech Articulation Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013062","descriptor_name":"Speech Articulation Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013062","descriptor_name":"Speech Articulation Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013068","descriptor_name":"Speech Production Measurement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013068","descriptor_name":"Speech Production Measurement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013068","descriptor_name":"Speech Production Measurement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013070","descriptor_name":"Speech Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013070","descriptor_name":"Speech Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013070","descriptor_name":"Speech Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014681","descriptor_name":"Velopharyngeal Insufficiency","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014681","descriptor_name":"Velopharyngeal Insufficiency","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014681","descriptor_name":"Velopharyngeal Insufficiency","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014681","descriptor_name":"Velopharyngeal Insufficiency","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014681","descriptor_name":"Velopharyngeal Insufficiency","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014681","descriptor_name":"Velopharyngeal Insufficiency","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:14732979","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14732979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology","raw_type":"English Abstract"},{"id":"mag:2467366228","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14732979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8560000061988831,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984402456","https://openalex.org/W2413454364","https://openalex.org/W2937459987","https://openalex.org/W1982086400","https://openalex.org/W1891562811","https://openalex.org/W2735680641","https://openalex.org/W2467366228","https://openalex.org/W2351182889","https://openalex.org/W2373199625","https://openalex.org/W2411355716"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"analyze":[2],"the":[3,9,61,109,136,171,208],"formant":[4,19,110],"frequency":[5,20],"of":[6,12,21,27,49,53,70,73,108,117,122,125,139,156,159,184,210],"vowels":[7,22],"in":[8,111,142],"sequence":[10],"therapy":[11,37,198,213],"patient":[13],"with":[14,33,148],"cleft":[15,185,211],"palate.":[16],"METHODS:":[17],"The":[18,46,68,105,120,154],"[a],":[23],"[e],":[24],"[i],":[25],"[u]":[26,160],"normal":[28],"children":[29],"and":[30,34,40,80,83,86,100,131,165],"postoperative":[31],"patients":[32,190],"without":[35],"speech":[36,197],"was":[38,75,96,113,127],"measured":[39],"analyzed":[41],"by":[42],"VS-99.":[43],"RESULTS:":[44],"1.":[45],"mean":[47,71,106,123,137,157],"value":[48,72,107,124,138,158],"F1,":[50],"F2,":[51,140],"F3":[52,141],"[a]":[54],"did":[55],"not":[56],"show":[57],"significant":[58,76,94,128],"difference":[59,69,95,121,155],"among":[60,173],"three":[62],"groups":[63,175],"(P":[64,89,133,150,167,178],">":[65,103,179],"0.05).":[66,104,152,180],"2.":[67],"[e]":[74],"between":[77,84,98,129,163],"control":[78,101,149],"group":[79,88,144],"pre-speech-therapy":[81,85,130,164],"group,":[82],"post-speech-therapy":[87,99,112,132,143,166],"<":[90,134,151,168],"0.05),":[91,135,169],"but":[92],"no":[93],"found":[97],"group(P":[102],"higher":[114],"than":[115],"that":[116],"pre-speech-therapy.":[118],"3.":[119],"[i]":[126],"decreased":[145],"significantly":[146],"compared":[147],"4.":[153],"showed":[161],"significance":[162],"while":[170,196],"differences":[172],"other":[174],"were":[176],"insignificant":[177],"CONCLUSION:":[181],"Surgical":[182],"repair":[183],"palate":[186,212],"cannot":[187],"make":[188],"all":[189],"obtain":[191],"perfect":[192],"Velopharyngeal":[193],"competence":[194],"(VPC),":[195],"can":[199,206],"improve":[200],"patient's":[201],"pronunciation.":[202],"Speech":[203],"spectrum":[204],"analysis":[205],"judge":[207],"effect":[209],"objectively.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}