{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2467360133","doi":null,"title":"Crystalized versus fluid intelligence in American Indian children referred to developmental clinics: An examination of multiple measures and indicators","display_name":"Crystalized versus fluid intelligence in American Indian children referred to developmental clinics: An examination of multiple measures and indicators","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2467360133","mag":"2467360133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.umt.edu:etd-10604","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/9568","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10604&context=etd","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190740074","display_name":"The Mathematics Enthusiast","issn_l":"1551-3440","issn":["1551-3440"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers","raw_type":"dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10604&context=etd","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053819217","display_name":"Billie Jo Kipp","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6750721","display_name":"University of Montana","ror":"https://ror.org/0078xmk34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6750721"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Billie Jo Kipp","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Montana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Montana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6750721"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053819217"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6750721"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11345","display_name":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallized-intelligence","display_name":"crystallized intelligence","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluid-intelligence","display_name":"fluid intelligence","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-indian-children","display_name":"Native American children","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonverbal-reasoning","display_name":"nonverbal reasoning","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-analogy","display_name":"visual analogy","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-completion","display_name":"pattern completion","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-solving-flexibility","display_name":"problem-solving flexibility","score":0.42899999022483826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6579351425170898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6398182511329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992622412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434146","display_name":"Fluid intelligence","level":4,"score":0.5873050689697266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5219047665596008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145633318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207125","display_name":"Nonverbal communication","level":2,"score":0.5045596361160278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.45450761914253235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.44070595502853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.37254199385643005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34806519746780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30435919761657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19197377562522888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15453293919563293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.10974887013435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.umt.edu:etd-10604","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/9568","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10604&context=etd","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190740074","display_name":"The Mathematics Enthusiast","issn_l":"1551-3440","issn":["1551-3440"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers","raw_type":"dissertation"},{"id":"mag:2467360133","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10604&context=etd","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.umt.edu:etd-10604","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/9568","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10604&context=etd","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190740074","display_name":"The Mathematics Enthusiast","issn_l":"1551-3440","issn":["1551-3440"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers","raw_type":"dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2467360133.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2467360133.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":115,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19960462","https://openalex.org/W64677976","https://openalex.org/W85953065","https://openalex.org/W601113415","https://openalex.org/W1505423068","https://openalex.org/W1552545106","https://openalex.org/W1571067654","https://openalex.org/W1580118833","https://openalex.org/W1590545576","https://openalex.org/W1605976614","https://openalex.org/W1607529401","https://openalex.org/W1698838198","https://openalex.org/W1919586704","https://openalex.org/W1920715936","https://openalex.org/W1958565702","https://openalex.org/W1964790812","https://openalex.org/W1965626453","https://openalex.org/W1967169915","https://openalex.org/W1967736472","https://openalex.org/W1970527814","https://openalex.org/W1971240786","https://openalex.org/W1973675430","https://openalex.org/W1974976865","https://openalex.org/W1975349642","https://openalex.org/W1977448828","https://openalex.org/W1977677377","https://openalex.org/W1979178563","https://openalex.org/W1979271618","https://openalex.org/W1983490761","https://openalex.org/W1983498740","https://openalex.org/W1989717815","https://openalex.org/W1991250208","https://openalex.org/W1992813308","https://openalex.org/W1994988332","https://openalex.org/W1998451630","https://openalex.org/W1999718713","https://openalex.org/W2000723695","https://openalex.org/W2001467963","https://openalex.org/W2003738503","https://openalex.org/W2006500696","https://openalex.org/W2010845037","https://openalex.org/W2011304602","https://openalex.org/W2011448769","https://openalex.org/W2014364868","https://openalex.org/W2016098007","https://openalex.org/W2021318757","https://openalex.org/W2021829536","https://openalex.org/W2024843361","https://openalex.org/W2025521298","https://openalex.org/W2025806909","https://openalex.org/W2028526705","https://openalex.org/W2035446957","https://openalex.org/W2037424544","https://openalex.org/W2041680567","https://openalex.org/W2042669723","https://openalex.org/W2045493299","https://openalex.org/W2047217271","https://openalex.org/W2048235826","https://openalex.org/W2050840519","https://openalex.org/W2051181439","https://openalex.org/W2054307921","https://openalex.org/W2057769766","https://openalex.org/W2063206001","https://openalex.org/W2066022025","https://openalex.org/W2068636920","https://openalex.org/W2072195123","https://openalex.org/W2072553037","https://openalex.org/W2074559123","https://openalex.org/W2075061151","https://openalex.org/W2075231192","https://openalex.org/W2076216161","https://openalex.org/W2076334768","https://openalex.org/W2077736068","https://openalex.org/W2078545848","https://openalex.org/W2078960180","https://openalex.org/W2079319011","https://openalex.org/W2081778785","https://openalex.org/W2083879993","https://openalex.org/W2085809895","https://openalex.org/W2086136810","https://openalex.org/W2088963425","https://openalex.org/W2091729543","https://openalex.org/W2095132716","https://openalex.org/W2095295905","https://openalex.org/W2102495692","https://openalex.org/W2106469386","https://openalex.org/W2123509825","https://openalex.org/W2127994292","https://openalex.org/W2128752987","https://openalex.org/W2132895437","https://openalex.org/W2139323518","https://openalex.org/W2143438041","https://openalex.org/W2149901908","https://openalex.org/W2155776546","https://openalex.org/W2161301790","https://openalex.org/W2171680637","https://openalex.org/W2220321865","https://openalex.org/W2290048521","https://openalex.org/W2314134690","https://openalex.org/W2316162304","https://openalex.org/W2317543039","https://openalex.org/W2341538441","https://openalex.org/W2419520803","https://openalex.org/W2476202330","https://openalex.org/W2481315664","https://openalex.org/W2732385587","https://openalex.org/W2765570514","https://openalex.org/W2909425629","https://openalex.org/W2913633824","https://openalex.org/W2943762953","https://openalex.org/W2970017660","https://openalex.org/W2972850252","https://openalex.org/W2982056384","https://openalex.org/W3188079028","https://openalex.org/W4236298867"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244327930","https://openalex.org/W6959914139","https://openalex.org/W3163742469","https://openalex.org/W7070764433","https://openalex.org/W7028443007","https://openalex.org/W6981033610","https://openalex.org/W4229621423","https://openalex.org/W7203776921","https://openalex.org/W2116790701","https://openalex.org/W2980793494"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"stimuli":[0],"and":[1,25,44],"require":[2],"the":[3,35,45,72],"participant":[4],"either":[5],"to":[6,13,37,48,59],"solve":[7,49],"a":[8,15],"2x2":[9],"or":[10],"3x3":[11],"matrix":[12],"complete":[14],"pattern":[16],"of":[17,63],"dots.":[18],"Each":[19],"abstract":[20,55],"item":[21],"demands":[22],"nonverbal":[23],"reasoning":[24],"flexibility":[26],"in":[27],"applying":[28],"problem-solving":[29],"strategies.":[30],"Many":[31],"items":[32],"also":[33],"assess":[34],"ability":[36,47],"negotiate":[38],"several":[39],"variables":[40],"simultaneously.":[41],"The":[42],"Matrices,":[43],"overall":[46],"visual":[50],"analogies,":[51],"especially":[52],"those":[53],"with":[54,71],"stimuli,":[56],"have":[57],"proven":[58],"be":[60],"excellent":[61],"measures":[62],"fluid":[64,75],"abilities.":[65],"This":[66],"task":[67],"is":[68],"consistently":[69],"associated":[70],"factor":[73],"assessing":[74]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}