{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2467263134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34068/joe.50.02.48","title":"Analyzing Likert Data","display_name":"Analyzing Likert Data","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2467263134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34068/joe.50.02.48","mag":"2467263134"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.34068/joe.50.02.48","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34068/joe.50.02.48","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34068/joe.50.02.48","pdf_url":"https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2868&context=joe","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212179","display_name":"Journal of Extension","issn_l":"0022-0140","issn":["0022-0140","1077-5315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315945","host_organization_name":"Clemson University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Clemson University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Extension","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2868&context=joe","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046835335","display_name":"Harry N. Boone","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harry Boone","raw_affiliation_strings":["West Virginia University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West Virginia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090967771","display_name":"Deborah A. Boone","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deborah Boone","raw_affiliation_strings":["West Virginia University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West Virginia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":59.8791,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1539,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99937613,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"2","first_page":"48","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11539","display_name":"Survey Methodology and Nonresponse","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/likert-scale-data","display_name":"Likert scale data","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-analysis","display_name":"data analysis","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/descriptive-statistics","display_name":"descriptive statistics","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misuse-of-statistics","display_name":"misuse of statistics","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension-research","display_name":"extension research","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survey-data-analysis","display_name":"survey data analysis","score":0.5690000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105776082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617473","display_name":"Likert scale","level":2,"score":0.8354994058609009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.43119752407073975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3502202033996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3312909007072449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1636364459991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.1084132194519043}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.34068/joe.50.02.48","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34068/joe.50.02.48","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34068/joe.50.02.48","pdf_url":"https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2868&context=joe","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212179","display_name":"Journal of Extension","issn_l":"0022-0140","issn":["0022-0140","1077-5315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315945","host_organization_name":"Clemson University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Clemson University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Extension","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tigerprints.clemson.edu:joe-2868","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol50/iss2/48","pdf_url":"https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol50/iss2/48","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196397","display_name":"TigerPrints (Clemson University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","host_organization_name":"Clemson University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Extension","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open.clemson.edu:joe-2868","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://open.clemson.edu/joe/vol50/iss2/48","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196397","display_name":"TigerPrints (Clemson University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","host_organization_name":"Clemson University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Extension","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:commons.joe.org:joe-2868","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://commons.joe.org/joe/vol50/iss2/48","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196397","display_name":"TigerPrints (Clemson University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","host_organization_name":"Clemson University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Extension","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2467263134","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1042448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212179","display_name":"Journal of Extension","issn_l":"0022-0140","issn":["0022-0140","1077-5315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315945","host_organization_name":"Clemson University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Clemson University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Extension","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.34068/joe.50.02.48","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34068/joe.50.02.48","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34068/joe.50.02.48","pdf_url":"https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2868&context=joe","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212179","display_name":"Journal of Extension","issn_l":"0022-0140","issn":["0022-0140","1077-5315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315945","host_organization_name":"Clemson University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Clemson University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Extension","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2467263134.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2467263134.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W234354216","https://openalex.org/W285918902","https://openalex.org/W294475259","https://openalex.org/W310341217","https://openalex.org/W315081221","https://openalex.org/W330956627","https://openalex.org/W1548658199","https://openalex.org/W1560729591","https://openalex.org/W1590937613","https://openalex.org/W1598486451","https://openalex.org/W2034978010","https://openalex.org/W2111188908","https://openalex.org/W2322584079","https://openalex.org/W2999880312","https://openalex.org/W3096738909","https://openalex.org/W3197360406","https://openalex.org/W4385753196"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6960272269","https://openalex.org/W1914567587","https://openalex.org/W6887730416","https://openalex.org/W7138026727","https://openalex.org/W6941440644","https://openalex.org/W6998619476","https://openalex.org/W4395051109","https://openalex.org/W4389110898","https://openalex.org/W2090205991","https://openalex.org/W4389638881"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,36],"article":[1,37],"provides":[2,48],"information":[3],"for":[4,50],"Extension":[5],"professionals":[6],"on":[7,73],"the":[8,39,57,63,71],"correct":[9],"analysis":[10,25],"of":[11,16],"Likert":[12,19,44,68],"data.":[13],"The":[14],"analyses":[15],"Likert-type":[17,42,66],"and":[18,27,43,47,67],"scale":[20,45,69],"data":[21,24,46],"require":[22],"unique":[23],"procedures,":[26],"as":[28],"a":[29,60],"result,":[30],"misuses":[31],"and/or":[32],"mistakes":[33],"often":[34],"occur.":[35],"discusses":[38],"differences":[40],"between":[41,65],"recommendations":[49],"descriptive":[51],"statistics":[52],"to":[53],"be":[54,78],"used":[55],"during":[56],"analysis.":[58],"Once":[59],"researcher":[61],"understands":[62],"difference":[64],"data,":[70],"decision":[72],"appropriate":[74],"statistical":[75],"procedures":[76],"will":[77],"apparent.":[79]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":253},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":171},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":113},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":99},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":103},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":153},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":127},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":117},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":82},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":92},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":72},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}