{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2467198511","doi":null,"title":"Sporozoite loads of naturally infected Anopheles in Kilifi District, Kenya.","display_name":"Sporozoite loads of naturally infected Anopheles in Kilifi District, Kenya.","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2467198511","mag":"2467198511","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9383768"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:9383768","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9383768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113705255","display_name":"Ephantus W. Kabiru","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117370","display_name":"Ministry of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02eyff421","country_code":"KE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117370"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E W Kabiru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025388298","display_name":"Charles Mwaniki Mbogo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5335-6551","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5335-6551"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C M Mbogo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kenya Medical Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113869041","display_name":"Samuel Muiruri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117370","display_name":"Ministry of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02eyff421","country_code":"KE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117370"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S K Muiruri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Health Nairobi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Health Nairobi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108096175","display_name":"John Henry Ouma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117370","display_name":"Ministry of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02eyff421","country_code":"KE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117370"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J H Ouma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Health Nairobi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Health Nairobi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109137226","display_name":"John I. Githure","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J I Githure","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u00a7Kenya Medical Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00a7Kenya Medical Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090692917","display_name":"John C. Beier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0095-4130","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0095-4130"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J C Beier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tulane University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tulane University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"259","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10091","display_name":"Malaria Research and Control","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10091","display_name":"Malaria Research and Control","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12178","display_name":"Bird parasitology and diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10166","display_name":"Mosquito-borne diseases and control","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anopheles-gambiae-s-l","display_name":"Anopheles gambiae s.l.","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salivary-glands","display_name":"salivary glands","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasmodium-falciparum","display_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria-transmission","display_name":"malaria transmission","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mosquito-infection","display_name":"mosquito infection","score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circumsporozoite-protein","display_name":"circumsporozoite protein","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kilifi-district","display_name":"Kilifi District","score":0.9120000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776802408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135237","display_name":"Anopheles gambiae","level":3,"score":0.8929438591003418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8469892144203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19374876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247170","display_name":"Hemocytometer","level":2,"score":0.8414344787597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781375639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158597","display_name":"Anopheles","level":3,"score":0.6906428337097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778048844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12156","display_name":"Malaria","level":2,"score":0.582960844039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781074509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24778282","display_name":"Circumsporozoite protein","level":4,"score":0.5611173510551453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.48783591389656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.4379432201385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778371730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311383","display_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","level":3,"score":0.4275052547454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92087593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427389","display_name":"Vector (molecular biology)","level":4,"score":0.42377611994743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.28416651487350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40767141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285697","display_name":"Recombinant DNA","level":3,"score":0.07783740758895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06857270002365112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000852","descriptor_name":"Anopheles","qualifier_ui":"Q000469","qualifier_name":"parasitology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000953","descriptor_name":"Antigens, Protozoan","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004797","descriptor_name":"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007630","descriptor_name":"Kenya","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010963","descriptor_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010963","descriptor_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010963","descriptor_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015800","descriptor_name":"Protozoan Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019084","descriptor_name":"Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:9383768","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9383768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:biodiversitylibrary.org:part/126931","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/126931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402618","display_name":"Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I103187081","host_organization_name":"Smithsonian Institution","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"mag:2467198511","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9383768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2157974353","https://openalex.org/W2410840353","https://openalex.org/W1984158928","https://openalex.org/W1977328872","https://openalex.org/W273191634","https://openalex.org/W2060114804","https://openalex.org/W2074864992","https://openalex.org/W1981328096","https://openalex.org/W2000209209","https://openalex.org/W2422345827"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,81],"number":[1,149],"of":[2,40,48,60,85,91,101,112,121,127,135,150],"salivary":[3,61,93],"gland":[4,62],"malaria":[5],"sporozoites":[6,42,113,122,131,151],"(sporozoite":[7],"load)":[8],"was":[9],"determined":[10],"by":[11,76,83],"hemacytometer":[12,58,110],"counts":[13,111],"for":[14,70,116],"2,055":[15],"field-collected":[16,124],"Anopheles":[17,26],"mosquitoes":[18,51,104],"from":[19,32],"Kilifi":[20],"District,":[21],"Kenya.":[22],"Of":[23],"48":[24],"gland-positive":[25,94],"gambiae":[27,140],"s.l.,":[28],"sporozoite":[29,53],"loads":[30,54],"ranged":[31],"125":[33],"to":[34,97],"79,875,":[35],"with":[36,109],"a":[37,143],"geometric":[38],"mean":[39],"1,743":[41],"per":[43],"infected":[44,50],"mosquito.":[45],"About":[46],"half":[47],"the":[49,64,92,102,147],"had":[52],"<":[55],"1,000.":[56],"Following":[57],"examination":[59],"samples,":[63],"same":[65],"samples":[66,95],"were":[67,114],"subsequently":[68],"tested":[69],"Plasmodium":[71],"falciparum":[72],"circumsporozoite":[73],"(CS)":[74],"protein":[75,87],"enzyme-linked":[77],"immunosorbent":[78],"assay":[79],"(ELISA).":[80],"confirmation":[82],"ELISA":[84],"CS":[86],"in":[88,123,132],"89.6%":[89],"(43/48)":[90],"compared":[96],"only":[98],"1.4%":[99],"(28/2,007)":[100],"dissection-negative":[103],"indicated":[105],"that":[106,146],"dissection":[107],"methods":[108],"adequate":[115],"detecting":[117],"even":[118],"low":[119],"numbers":[120],"mosquitoes.":[125],"Detection":[126],"17":[128],"or":[129],"fewer":[130],"blood":[133],"meals":[134],"7":[136],"freshly":[137],"bloodfed":[138],"An.":[139],"s.l.":[141],"provides":[142],"further":[144],"indication":[145],"actual":[148],"transmitted":[152],"during":[153],"bloodfeeding":[154],"may":[155],"be":[156],"quite":[157],"low.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}
