{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2467123464","doi":null,"title":"Ethnically representative, comparable and inclusive samples in biomedical research: when are they necessary, possible and effective?","display_name":"Ethnically representative, comparable and inclusive samples in biomedical research: when are they necessary, possible and effective?","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2467123464","mag":"2467123464"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2467123464","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.etn.leeds.ac.uk/document/dohworkshop/100329%20Ellison%20et%20al%20Leeds%20paper.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082481295","display_name":"George T. H. Ellison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8914-6812","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8914-6812"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George T. H. Ellison","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8914-6812","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103196618","display_name":"Andrew Smart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0312-7501","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0312-7501"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Smart","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0312-7501","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083417622","display_name":"Priya Davda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Priya Davda","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043738543","display_name":"Sarah Salway","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7688-5496","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7688-5496"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Salway","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7688-5496","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40015579,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12749","display_name":"Race, Genetics, and Society","score":0.8583999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12749","display_name":"Race, Genetics, and Society","score":0.8583999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.07689999788999557,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.031199999153614044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representative-sampling","display_name":"representative sampling","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-disparities","display_name":"ethnic disparities","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-minorities","display_name":"ethnic minorities","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-power","display_name":"statistical power","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-reported-ethnicity","display_name":"self-reported ethnicity","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-categories","display_name":"ethnic categories","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-size","display_name":"sample size","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/study-design","display_name":"research design","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability","display_name":"generalizability","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.5799999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.7670149803161621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994224047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190656","display_name":"Ethnically diverse","level":3,"score":0.6521208882331848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130440534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14946528","display_name":"Conflation","level":2,"score":0.630180299282074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6220529079437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4380277395248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.41384726762771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.35784777998924255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.35058051347732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3491044044494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2735067307949066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2198660671710968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.14312800765037537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14021950960159302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.10478267073631287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2467123464","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.etn.leeds.ac.uk/document/dohworkshop/100329%20Ellison%20et%20al%20Leeds%20paper.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.9629999995231628},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.428600013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502194153","https://openalex.org/W1972237375","https://openalex.org/W1995946306","https://openalex.org/W1996731799","https://openalex.org/W2002395285","https://openalex.org/W2018241055","https://openalex.org/W2027666422","https://openalex.org/W2034919917","https://openalex.org/W2035493374","https://openalex.org/W2037144434","https://openalex.org/W2156212246","https://openalex.org/W2196764223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999229474","https://openalex.org/W4389487857","https://openalex.org/W4389138280","https://openalex.org/W4311351515","https://openalex.org/W2592381373","https://openalex.org/W4377694284","https://openalex.org/W4387706549","https://openalex.org/W3084096986","https://openalex.org/W7169810189","https://openalex.org/W7222835887"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ethnic":[0],"disparities":[1,47],"in":[2,213],"health":[3,5],"and":[4,12,32,40,53,76,84,138,145,177,187,192,201,206,229,239,244,251,265,286,299,303],"care":[6],"utilisation":[7],"have":[8,64],"encouraged":[9],"policy":[10],"makers":[11],"researchers":[13,153],"to":[14,34,66,104,124,156,204],"press":[15],"for":[16,280,297],"ethnically":[17,68],"inclusive":[18,69,298],"sampling":[19,70,95,263,277],"frames":[20,71,96,278],"that":[21,27,44,63,72,236,252,275,282],"are":[22,30,73,87,132,154,210,217,248,288],"both:":[23],"(i)":[24],"representative":[25,75,83,243,285],"(so":[26,43],"their":[28,164,295],"findings":[29],"generalisable":[31,188],"applicable":[33],"the":[35,58,79,90,98,112,121,126,158,168,197,220,237,276],"population":[36],"as":[37,180],"a":[38],"whole);":[39],"(ii)":[41],"comparative":[42,85,107,214,245,287],"any":[45],"ethnic":[46,117,127,147,208,270,310],"can":[48],"be":[49],"exposed,":[50],"examined,":[51],"understood":[52],"addressed).":[54],"This":[55,233],"paper":[56,234],"explores":[57],"potential":[59],"consequences":[60],"of":[61,82,92,100,115,129,190,199,222,242,306],"policies":[62],"sought":[65],"impose":[67],"both":[74,284],"comparative.":[77],"Since":[78],"statistical":[80],"requirements":[81,241],"samples":[86,114,131,200],"very":[88,159],"different,":[89],"conflation":[91],"these":[93,140,170,216],"two":[94],"under":[97],"aegis":[99],"inclusivity":[101,128,209],"often":[102,249],"leads":[103],"inadequately":[105],"powered":[106],"analyses,":[108,215],"particularly":[109],"those":[110],"involving":[111],"smaller":[113],"minority":[116,309],"groups.":[118,311],"Likewise,":[119],"since":[120,139],"denominators":[122],"required":[123,203,279],"assess":[125,207],"research":[130,246,254,281],"usually":[133],"provided":[134],"by":[135],"statutory":[136,267],"agencies,":[137],"agencies":[141],"increasingly":[142],"use":[143,157],"socially-constructed":[144],"context-specific":[146],"categories":[148,161,171],"based":[149],"on":[150],"self-reported":[151],"identity,":[152],"obliged":[155],"same":[160],"when":[162,196],"calculating":[163],"studies'":[165],"enumerators.":[166],"In":[167],"process":[169],"become":[172],"standardised":[173],"within":[174],"scientific":[175],"practice,":[176],"used":[178,212],"therein":[179],"(if":[181],"they":[182],"were)":[183],"reliable,":[184],"valid,":[185],"discrete":[186],"markers":[189],"wholesale":[191],"fundamental":[193],"difference.":[194],"Thus,":[195],"types":[198],"data":[202],"address":[205],"subsequently":[211],"predisposed":[218],"towards":[219],"production":[221],"statistically":[223],"underpowered,":[224],"analytically":[225],"flawed,":[226],"aetiologically":[227],"imprecise":[228],"potentially":[230],"misleading":[231],"findings.":[232],"argues":[235],"analytical":[238],"aetiological":[240],"designs":[247],"incompatible,":[250],"different":[253],"questions":[255],"might":[256],"benefit":[257],"from:":[258],"representative,":[259],"exclusive":[260],"and/or":[261,268],"boosted":[262,300],"frames;":[264],"from":[266],"bespoke":[269],"categories.":[271],"It":[272],"seems":[273],"unlikely":[274],"is":[283],"possible,":[289],"necessary":[290],"or":[291],"cost-":[292],"effective":[293],"given":[294],"requirement":[296],"sample":[301],"sizes":[302],"disproportionate":[304],"levels":[305],"participation":[307],"amongst":[308]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-02T10:15:12.560889","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}
