{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2465628632","doi":null,"title":"Ultrastructure and some biological properties of influenza A virus. IV. Effect of proteolytic enzymes on viral particle.","display_name":"Ultrastructure and some biological properties of influenza A virus. IV. Effect of proteolytic enzymes on viral particle.","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2465628632","mag":"2465628632","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2478102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:2478102","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2478102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036661357","display_name":"Maria Chomik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163977","display_name":"Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy","ror":"https://ror.org/05b7p8k90","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163977","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99542240","display_name":"Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01dr6c206","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Chomik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroc\u0142aw"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroc\u0142aw","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163977","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"A Slusarczyk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Slusarczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"5","first_page":"555","last_page":"66"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10167","display_name":"Influenza Virus Research Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10167","display_name":"Influenza Virus Research Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11135","display_name":"Virology and Viral Diseases","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11668","display_name":"interferon and immune responses","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/influenza-a-virus","display_name":"influenza A virus","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/h3n2-subtype","display_name":"H3N2 subtype","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuraminidase","display_name":"neuraminidase","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemagglutinin","display_name":"hemagglutinin","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-induction","display_name":"interferon induction","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protease","display_name":"proteolytic enzymes","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trypsin","display_name":"trypsin","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pronase","display_name":"pronase","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-surface-antigens","display_name":"viral surface antigens","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-spikes","display_name":"viral spikes","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-inactivation","display_name":"virus inactivation","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-ultrastructure","display_name":"virus ultrastructure","score":0.6570000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134164806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409485","display_name":"Neuraminidase","level":3,"score":0.930101752281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776708817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4380751","display_name":"Pronase","level":4,"score":0.9144179821014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780340462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127450","display_name":"Trypsin","level":3,"score":0.7683022022247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.6884344816207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778692840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9136673","display_name":"Hemagglutinin (influenza)","level":3,"score":0.6584811806678772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.6038157343864441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019223276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212410","display_name":"Proteolytic enzymes","level":3,"score":0.5484026074409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5340316295623779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.5120101571083069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.5090495944023132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776178377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188269","display_name":"Interferon","level":2,"score":0.47190600633621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781416681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287246","display_name":"Orthomyxoviridae","level":4,"score":0.4700525999069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777546802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q834390","display_name":"Influenza A virus","level":3,"score":0.4635784924030304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32611913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166189","display_name":"Titer","level":3,"score":0.4422890245914459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.4351067543029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.38308650255203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2585712671279907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.07375097274780273}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001963","descriptor_name":"Bromelains","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006388","descriptor_name":"Hemagglutinins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007372","descriptor_name":"Interferons","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008854","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Electron","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009439","descriptor_name":"Neuraminidase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009980","descriptor_name":"Influenza A virus","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011402","descriptor_name":"Pronase","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014357","descriptor_name":"Trypsin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:2478102","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2478102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2465628632","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2478102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2417433108","https://openalex.org/W2511383988","https://openalex.org/W2043536181","https://openalex.org/W2012323199","https://openalex.org/W1897057051","https://openalex.org/W7208579749","https://openalex.org/W2412784470","https://openalex.org/W2411544290","https://openalex.org/W7208367382","https://openalex.org/W1604820735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Influenza":[0],"virus":[1,57,88],"strain":[2],"A/USSR/053/74/H3N2":[3],"was":[4,58,70,89],"subjected":[5],"to":[6,17],"the":[7,19,64,73,108,124,141],"effect":[8],"of":[9,21,37,48,53,60,78,82,92,107,143],"soluble":[10,41],"and":[11,50,80,101,137],"nonsoluble":[12,68],"trypsin.":[13],"Both":[14],"enzymes":[15,120],"appeared":[16],"affect":[18],"activity":[20],"neuraminidase.":[22],"The":[23,115],"viruses":[24,116,128],"altered":[25],"in":[26,34],"this":[27],"way":[28],"did":[29,111],"not":[30,90,112],"induce":[31,113],"interferon":[32],"(IFN)":[33],"mice.":[35],"Treatment":[36],"viral":[38],"particles":[39],"with":[40,98,118],"bromeline":[42,69,102,136],"brought":[43],"about":[44],"almost":[45],"complete":[46,76],"inactivation":[47,77],"hemagglutinin":[49,83],"slight":[51],"suppression":[52],"neuraminidase":[54,79],"activity.":[55],"This":[56,87],"capable":[59,91],"IFN":[61,93],"induction.":[62,94],"On":[63],"other":[65],"hand,":[66],"when":[67],"used":[71],"as":[72],"treatment":[74],"agent,":[75],"reduction":[81],"titer":[84],"were":[85,121],"observed.":[86],"Viral":[95],"preparations":[96],"treated":[97,117],"pronase,":[99],"trypsin":[100],"for":[103],"a":[104],"total":[105],"extraction":[106],"surface":[109,134,144],"antigens,":[110],"IFN.":[114],"these":[119],"examined":[122],"under":[123],"electron":[125],"microscope.":[126],"Trypsin-treated":[127],"showed":[129],"no":[130],"changes":[131],"on":[132],"their":[133],"while":[135],"pronase":[138],"totally":[139],"extracted":[140],"spikes":[142],"antigens.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}
