{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2465370511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361316651196","title":"Early detection of autism spectrum disorder in young isiZulu-speaking children in South Africa","display_name":"Early detection of autism spectrum disorder in young isiZulu-speaking children in South Africa","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2465370511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361316651196","mag":"2465370511","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27335105"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1362361316651196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361316651196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361316651196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1824407","display_name":"Autism","issn_l":"1362-3613","issn":["1362-3613","1461-7005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Autism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075039349","display_name":"Nola J. Chambers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-472X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-472X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nola J Chambers","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056123302","display_name":"Amy Miller Wetherby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9072-8537","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9072-8537"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy M Wetherby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013657091","display_name":"Sheri T. Stronach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4794-6210","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4794-6210"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheri T Stronach","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota Twin Cities, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota Twin Cities, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084807687","display_name":"Nonyameko Njongwe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nonyameko Njongwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zululand Remedial Centre, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zululand Remedial Centre, South Africa","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018137109","display_name":"Shuaib Kauchali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6730-6037","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6730-6037","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7648-6217"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuaib Kauchali","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014053157","display_name":"ROY RICHARD GRINKER","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard R Grinker","raw_affiliation_strings":["The George Washington University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The George Washington University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075039349"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.115,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85819101,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"5","first_page":"518","last_page":"526"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13393","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"autism spectrum disorder","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-detection","display_name":"early detection","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isizulu","display_name":"isiZulu","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-cultural-adaptation","display_name":"cross-cultural adaptation","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parent-report","display_name":"parent report","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/home-observation","display_name":"home observation","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structured-assessment","display_name":"structured assessment","score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-communication","display_name":"social communication","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-children","display_name":"young children","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.5879999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778538070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436063","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","level":3,"score":0.9108933210372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.8523272275924683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6737105250358582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3925435543060303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3404669761657715}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000067877","descriptor_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013019","descriptor_name":"South Africa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D042241","descriptor_name":"Early Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D065246","descriptor_name":"Culturally Competent Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1362361316651196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361316651196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361316651196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1824407","display_name":"Autism","issn_l":"1362-3613","issn":["1362-3613","1461-7005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Autism","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27335105","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27335105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Autism : the international journal of research and practice","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7127424147","display_name":"Early Social Communication Characteristics of ASD in Diverse Cultures in the US a","funder_award_id":"R21DC010926","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhx6838"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W83724821","https://openalex.org/W1508360752","https://openalex.org/W1552378311","https://openalex.org/W2003147873","https://openalex.org/W2011434104","https://openalex.org/W2065828198","https://openalex.org/W2089055405","https://openalex.org/W2091744206","https://openalex.org/W2094420224","https://openalex.org/W2098251401","https://openalex.org/W2111700585","https://openalex.org/W2114712830","https://openalex.org/W2116670269","https://openalex.org/W2119126196","https://openalex.org/W2120502333","https://openalex.org/W2136266945","https://openalex.org/W2148786751","https://openalex.org/W2232567079","https://openalex.org/W2284003302","https://openalex.org/W2343483041","https://openalex.org/W4247665917"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2406303188","https://openalex.org/W2565285737","https://openalex.org/W4387366963","https://openalex.org/W7081638732","https://openalex.org/W2621694161","https://openalex.org/W7220527677","https://openalex.org/W7112253200","https://openalex.org/W7203694363","https://openalex.org/W6990034577","https://openalex.org/W7168270018"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Culturally":[0],"appropriate":[1],"tools":[2],"are":[3],"needed":[4],"for":[5,32,92,194],"detecting":[6,33],"symptoms":[7],"of":[8,19,36,50,100,157,168],"autism":[9,37,57,94,120,132,139,186,209],"spectrum":[10,38,58,95,121,127,133,140,147,187,210],"disorder":[11,59,122,134,141,148,188,211],"in":[12,104,184,199,212],"young":[13,51,213],"South":[14,200],"African":[15],"children.":[16,215],"The":[17,129],"objectives":[18],"this":[20],"study":[21],"were":[22,69,117,171,176],"to":[23,44,77,151,207],"(1)":[24],"adapt":[25],"and":[26,46,55,60,71,75,89,102,123,154,165,197,202],"translate":[27],"into":[28,73],"isiZulu":[29,74],"existing":[30],"measures":[31,43,167],"early":[34],"signs":[35],"disorder,":[39],"(2)":[40],"use":[41],"the":[42,145,185],"characterize":[45],"compare":[47,62],"behavioural":[48],"profiles":[49,64],"isiZulu-speaking":[52,80,214],"children":[53,83,101,116,130],"with":[54,84,131,136],"without":[56],"(3)":[61],"symptom":[63],"across":[65],"sampling":[66],"procedures.":[67],"Measures":[68],"translated":[70],"adapted":[72],"used":[76],"evaluate":[78],"26":[79],"children,":[81],"15":[82],"no":[85],"reported":[86],"developmental":[87],"concerns":[88],"11":[90],"referred":[91],"suspected":[93],"disorder.":[96,128],"A":[97],"video-recorded":[98],"observation":[99],"caregivers":[103],"their":[105],"home":[106,182],"environment":[107],"was":[108],"also":[109],"made.":[110],"Based":[111],"on":[112],"best-estimate":[113],"diagnoses,":[114],"10":[115],"classified":[118],"as":[119,125],"16":[124],"non-autism":[126,146],"presented":[135],"significantly":[137],"more":[138],"red":[142,158,169,174],"flags":[143,170,175],"than":[144,181],"group":[149],"according":[150],"parent":[152,163],"report":[153,164],"systematic":[155],"ratings":[156],"flags.":[159],"Significant":[160],"correlations":[161],"between":[162],"observational":[166],"observed.":[172],"More":[173],"observed":[177],"during":[178],"structured":[179],"evaluations":[180],"observations":[183],"group.":[189],"Findings":[190],"provide":[191],"a":[192],"foundation":[193],"tool":[195],"translation":[196],"adaptation":[198],"Africa":[201],"identifying":[203],"social":[204],"communication":[205],"markers":[206],"detect":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}
