{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2464853373","doi":null,"title":"Designing and evaluating strategies to recruit African Americans for AIDS/HIV interventions: targeting the African-American family.","display_name":"Designing and evaluating strategies to recruit African Americans for AIDS/HIV interventions: targeting the African-American family.","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2464853373","mag":"2464853373","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9086320"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:9086320","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9086320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethnicity & disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085406986","display_name":"Larry D. Icard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4205-8150","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4205-8150"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L D Icard","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, School of Social Work, Seattle, USA. icardl@u.washington.edu","University of Washington ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, School of Social Work, Seattle, USA. icardl@u.washington.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059474154","display_name":"Carlos Enri Zamora-Hernandez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317502542","display_name":"Washington Department of Social and Health Services","ror":"https://ror.org/01g7ypx22","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317502542"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C E Zamora-Hernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washington State Dept. of Social and Health Services"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington State Dept. of Social and Health Services","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317502542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063414365","display_name":"Michael S. Spencer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6182-5706","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6182-5706"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M S Spencer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112157835","display_name":"Richard F. Catalano","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Catalano","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3256,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68844926,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3-4","first_page":"301","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9365000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9365000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.034299999475479126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-aids-interventions","display_name":"HIV/AIDS interventions","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recruitment-strategies","display_name":"recruitment strategies","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-americans","display_name":"African Americans","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-empowerment","display_name":"family empowerment","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recruitment-messages","display_name":"recruitment messages","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-and-religious-values","display_name":"religious and cultural values","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty","display_name":"poverty","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-risk-groups","display_name":"high-risk groups","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-well-being","display_name":"community well-being","score":0.5249999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.798938512802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.6418938040733337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.6170138120651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987028688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49085","display_name":"African american","level":2,"score":0.6025218963623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.542521059513092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5184004306793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.45932504534721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.38831740617752075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.23004376888275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2248443365097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2166254222393036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1754787266254425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.12867900729179382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001294","descriptor_name":"Attitude to Health","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005190","descriptor_name":"Family","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007722","descriptor_name":"Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008960","descriptor_name":"Models, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010565","descriptor_name":"Persuasive Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011203","descriptor_name":"Poverty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012945","descriptor_name":"Social Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018579","descriptor_name":"Patient Selection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:9086320","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9086320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethnicity & disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2464853373","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9086320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.41670000553131104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1850503440","https://openalex.org/W1513701239","https://openalex.org/W2062908794","https://openalex.org/W4403349295","https://openalex.org/W6941135624","https://openalex.org/W2151985578","https://openalex.org/W2204754300","https://openalex.org/W4247528053","https://openalex.org/W2113014704","https://openalex.org/W165819456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,83],"successful":[1],"recruitment":[2,72,96],"of":[3,17,54,88,103,121,128],"African-Americans":[4],"for":[5,66],"AIDS/HIV":[6,36,70],"interventions":[7,37],"is":[8,81],"essential":[9],"to":[10,33,39,100,125],"reducing":[11],"HIV":[12],"transmission":[13],"and":[14,44,46,57,68,74,90,116,131],"the":[15,28,52,86,92,119,126],"spread":[16],"AIDS":[18],"among":[19],"this":[20,79],"population.":[21],"However,":[22],"many":[23],"high":[24,104],"risk":[25,105],"groups":[26],"in":[27,35,95,123],"African-American":[29,93],"community":[30],"are":[31],"reluctant":[32],"participate":[34],"due":[38],"factors":[40,56],"such":[41],"as":[42,98],"poverty,":[43],"cultural":[45],"religious":[47],"values.":[48],"This":[49],"paper":[50],"discusses":[51],"basis":[53],"these":[55],"presents":[58],"a":[59,75,113],"theoretical":[60],"framework":[61],"that":[62],"holds":[63],"some":[64],"promise":[65],"designing":[67],"evaluating":[69],"intervention":[71],"strategies":[73],"pilot":[76],"study":[77],"implementing":[78],"strategy":[80],"presented.":[82],"results":[84],"emphasize":[85],"importance":[87],"targeting":[89],"empowering":[91],"family":[94],"strategies,":[97],"opposed":[99],"specific":[101],"subgroups":[102],"individuals.":[106],"Recruitment":[107],"messages,":[108],"which":[109,117],"were":[110,133],"channeled":[111],"through":[112],"credible":[114],"source":[115],"stress":[118],"role":[120],"participants":[122],"contributing":[124],"well-being":[127],"their":[129],"families":[130],"communities,":[132],"most":[134],"successful.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}