{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2464094535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8070405","title":"The Emerging Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Insulin Resistance and Metabolism","display_name":"The Emerging Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Insulin Resistance and Metabolism","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2464094535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8070405","mag":"2464094535","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27376324","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4963881"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu8070405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8070405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8070405","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/7/405/pdf?version=1467368105","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/7/405/pdf?version=1467368105","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072259603","display_name":"Mee\u2010Sup Yoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0114-1142","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0114-1142"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mee-Sup Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072259603"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":4.3831,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":457,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96785255,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"7","first_page":"405","last_page":"405"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12964","display_name":"Diet, Metabolism, and Disease","score":0.31859999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12964","display_name":"Diet, Metabolism, and Disease","score":0.31859999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11339","display_name":"Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer","score":0.2312999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11399","display_name":"Muscle metabolism and nutrition","score":0.13349999487400055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/branched-chain-amino-acids","display_name":"branched-chain amino acids","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mtorc1","display_name":"mTORC1","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-homeostasis","display_name":"glucose homeostasis","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-sensitivity","display_name":"insulin sensitivity","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-disorders","display_name":"metabolic disorders","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/essential-amino-acids","display_name":"essential amino acids","score":0.7099999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.8593873977661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98490376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14876060","display_name":"mTORC1","level":4,"score":0.8508621454238892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.5913137197494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.5624722242355347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62231903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057","display_name":"Metabolism","level":2,"score":0.5558727383613586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.5531198978424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5151909589767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86554907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285613","display_name":"PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway","level":3,"score":0.4352276921272278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.403849720954895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3925253450870514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2975335717201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.26691728830337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.12665599584579468}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000076222","descriptor_name":"Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000597","descriptor_name":"Amino Acids, Branched-Chain","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000597","descriptor_name":"Amino Acids, Branched-Chain","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004195","descriptor_name":"Disease Models, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007333","descriptor_name":"Insulin Resistance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046912","descriptor_name":"Multiprotein Complexes","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046912","descriptor_name":"Multiprotein Complexes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058570","descriptor_name":"TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058570","descriptor_name":"TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu8070405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8070405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8070405","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/7/405/pdf?version=1467368105","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3934005","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4963881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:27376324","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27376324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4963881","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4963881/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu8070405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8070405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8070405","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/7/405/pdf?version=1467368105","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321366","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2464094535.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2464094535.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":98,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508436080","https://openalex.org/W1519230612","https://openalex.org/W1521426779","https://openalex.org/W1523693806","https://openalex.org/W1529412398","https://openalex.org/W1585751449","https://openalex.org/W1764778685","https://openalex.org/W1792308739","https://openalex.org/W1823899023","https://openalex.org/W1893551673","https://openalex.org/W1908994104","https://openalex.org/W1943888701","https://openalex.org/W1964031110","https://openalex.org/W1978932360","https://openalex.org/W1981023596","https://openalex.org/W1981206208","https://openalex.org/W1982501876","https://openalex.org/W1990960113","https://openalex.org/W1995187187","https://openalex.org/W1995455069","https://openalex.org/W1997404599","https://openalex.org/W1998559329","https://openalex.org/W1999655968","https://openalex.org/W2002226709","https://openalex.org/W2002364623","https://openalex.org/W2005487617","https://openalex.org/W2008352037","https://openalex.org/W2016728810","https://openalex.org/W2017771330","https://openalex.org/W2021309399","https://openalex.org/W2025176940","https://openalex.org/W2025391287","https://openalex.org/W2027785297","https://openalex.org/W2028151674","https://openalex.org/W2028719601","https://openalex.org/W2030074551","https://openalex.org/W2032189193","https://openalex.org/W2033996868","https://openalex.org/W2037748892","https://openalex.org/W2040233819","https://openalex.org/W2044544963","https://openalex.org/W2048715566","https://openalex.org/W2049225751","https://openalex.org/W2050539911","https://openalex.org/W2052542261","https://openalex.org/W2056664023","https://openalex.org/W2059626595","https://openalex.org/W2061071496","https://openalex.org/W2061550058","https://openalex.org/W2064592496","https://openalex.org/W2067152194","https://openalex.org/W2076254572","https://openalex.org/W2077685312","https://openalex.org/W2078281362","https://openalex.org/W2078518439","https://openalex.org/W2079123009","https://openalex.org/W2079172266","https://openalex.org/W2079195246","https://openalex.org/W2080581026","https://openalex.org/W2091990362","https://openalex.org/W2094399892","https://openalex.org/W2102427034","https://openalex.org/W2106554657","https://openalex.org/W2107694585","https://openalex.org/W2108360575","https://openalex.org/W2110564578","https://openalex.org/W2111607026","https://openalex.org/W2113253151","https://openalex.org/W2113882071","https://openalex.org/W2114580290","https://openalex.org/W2118708320","https://openalex.org/W2119392009","https://openalex.org/W2120790666","https://openalex.org/W2122367003","https://openalex.org/W2122373812","https://openalex.org/W2123344036","https://openalex.org/W2125928541","https://openalex.org/W2127675541","https://openalex.org/W2135246625","https://openalex.org/W2135902632","https://openalex.org/W2144728950","https://openalex.org/W2146415848","https://openalex.org/W2151712341","https://openalex.org/W2152007541","https://openalex.org/W2153607816","https://openalex.org/W2155784393","https://openalex.org/W2161093056","https://openalex.org/W2161727276","https://openalex.org/W2165274499","https://openalex.org/W2206269655","https://openalex.org/W2255604615","https://openalex.org/W2317420316","https://openalex.org/W2404504991","https://openalex.org/W2412414147","https://openalex.org/W2443449712","https://openalex.org/W2616834435","https://openalex.org/W4253418569","https://openalex.org/W7074216715"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002364623","https://openalex.org/W2061550058","https://openalex.org/W2802270659","https://openalex.org/W4400136234","https://openalex.org/W2886108104","https://openalex.org/W7127050361","https://openalex.org/W2793823424","https://openalex.org/W2025324501","https://openalex.org/W3201583190","https://openalex.org/W4313244424"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Insulin":[0],"is":[1,58],"required":[2],"for":[3],"maintenance":[4],"of":[5,11,64,79,82,111,122,125,134,142,148],"glucose":[6],"homeostasis.":[7],"Despite":[8],"the":[9,17,31,119,123,132,146],"importance":[10],"insulin":[12,21,69,94,143],"sensitivity":[13],"to":[14,30,49,92,107],"metabolic":[15,51,65,138],"health,":[16,52],"mechanisms":[18],"that":[19],"induce":[20],"resistance":[22],"remain":[23],"unclear.":[24],"Branched-chain":[25],"amino":[26,33],"acids":[27],"(BCAAs)":[28],"belong":[29],"essential":[32],"acids,":[34],"which":[35],"are":[36],"both":[37],"direct":[38],"and":[39,67,113],"indirect":[40],"nutrient":[41],"signals.":[42],"Even":[43],"though":[44],"BCAAs":[45,88,112],"have":[46],"been":[47,90],"reported":[48],"improve":[50],"an":[53],"increased":[54],"BCAA":[55,99,150],"plasma":[56],"level":[57],"associated":[59],"with":[60],"a":[61,108],"high":[62],"risk":[63],"disorder":[66],"future":[68],"resistance,":[70],"or":[71],"type":[72],"2":[73],"diabetes":[74],"mellitus":[75],"(T2DM).":[76],"The":[77],"activation":[78,136],"mammalian":[80],"target":[81],"rapamycin":[83],"complex":[84],"1":[85],"(mTORC1)":[86],"by":[87],"has":[89],"suggested":[91],"cause":[93],"resistance.":[95],"In":[96],"addition,":[97],"defective":[98],"oxidative":[100],"metabolism":[101,151],"might":[102],"occur":[103],"in":[104,140,155],"obesity,":[105],"leading":[106],"further":[109],"accumulation":[110],"toxic":[114],"intermediates.":[115],"This":[116],"review":[117],"provides":[118],"current":[120],"understanding":[121],"mechanism":[124],"BCAA-induced":[126],"mTORC1":[127],"activation,":[128],"as":[129,131],"well":[130],"effect":[133],"mTOR":[135],"on":[137],"health":[139],"terms":[141],"sensitivity.":[144],"Furthermore,":[145],"effects":[147],"impaired":[149],"will":[152],"be":[153],"discussed":[154],"detail.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}