{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2462899216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2016.1195708","title":"The Consolidation of the Angola\u2014Zambia Border: Violence, Forced Displacement, Smugglers and Savimbi","display_name":"The Consolidation of the Angola\u2014Zambia Border: Violence, Forced Displacement, Smugglers and Savimbi","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2462899216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2016.1195708","mag":"2462899216"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08865655.2016.1195708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2016.1195708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2016.1195708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126386119","display_name":"Journal of Borderlands Studies","issn_l":"0886-5655","issn":["0886-5655","2159-1229"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Borderlands Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028764618","display_name":"Pedro Figueiredo Neto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7687-7202","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7687-7202"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110026055","display_name":"Iscte \u2013 Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/014837179","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110026055"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018756631","display_name":"Institut des Mondes Africains","ror":"https://ror.org/02qprbz18","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I159885104","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I3018756631","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I51101395","https://openalex.org/I90669466"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405252855","display_name":"Centro de Estudos Internacionais","ror":"https://ror.org/0020x0a87","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110026055","https://openalex.org/I4405252855"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90669466","display_name":"\u00c9cole des hautes \u00e9tudes en sciences sociales","ror":"https://ror.org/02d9dg697","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90669466"]}],"countries":["FR","PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Figueiredo Neto","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEI // ISCTE-IUL, Center for International Studies of the University Institute of Lisbon, Av. das For\u00e7as Armadas, Lisboa; IMAf // EHESS, Institut des mondes africains, \u00c9cole des hautes \u00e9tudes en sciences sociales, Paris","CEI // ISCTE-IUL, Center for International Studies of the University Institute of Lisbon, Av. das For\u00e7as Armadas, Lisboa","IMAf // EHESS, Institut des mondes africains, \u00c9cole des hautes \u00e9tudes en sciences sociales, Paris"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEI // ISCTE-IUL, Center for International Studies of the University Institute of Lisbon, Av. das For\u00e7as Armadas, Lisboa; IMAf // EHESS, Institut des mondes africains, \u00c9cole des hautes \u00e9tudes en sciences sociales, Paris","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110026055","https://openalex.org/I3018756631","https://openalex.org/I4405252855","https://openalex.org/I90669466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEI // ISCTE-IUL, Center for International Studies of the University Institute of Lisbon, Av. das For\u00e7as Armadas, Lisboa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110026055","https://openalex.org/I4405252855"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMAf // EHESS, Institut des mondes africains, \u00c9cole des hautes \u00e9tudes en sciences sociales, Paris","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018756631","https://openalex.org/I90669466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028764618"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110026055","https://openalex.org/I3018756631","https://openalex.org/I4405252855","https://openalex.org/I90669466"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4798,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87676366,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"3","first_page":"305","last_page":"324"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14466","display_name":"Migration, Health, Geopolitics, Historical Geography","score":0.6161999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14466","display_name":"Migration, Health, Geopolitics, Historical Geography","score":0.6161999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14395","display_name":"African history and culture studies","score":0.3452000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14062","display_name":"Migration and Exile Studies","score":0.006899999920278788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/border-demarcation","display_name":"border demarcation","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/borderlands","display_name":"borderlands","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/border-imaginaries","display_name":"border imaginaries","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jonas-savimbi","display_name":"Jonas Savimbi","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unita","display_name":"UNITA","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-border-smuggling","display_name":"border smuggling","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forced-displacement","display_name":"forced displacement","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonial-violence","display_name":"colonial violence","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slavery","display_name":"slavery","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forced-labor","display_name":"forced labor","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portuguese-colonialism","display_name":"Portuguese colonialism","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angolan-civil-war","display_name":"Angolan civil war","score":0.4779999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541189924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837556","display_name":"Forced migration","level":3,"score":0.780960202217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776014549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3050847","display_name":"Consolidation (business)","level":2,"score":0.7663875818252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C531593650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167","display_name":"Colonialism","level":2,"score":0.6145912408828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35219183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5146","display_name":"Portuguese","level":2,"score":0.5792090892791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5403393507003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4204866588115692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135068731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1169049","display_name":"The Imaginary","level":2,"score":0.41528111696243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.37245285511016846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.3602151572704315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3341969847679138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2830812335014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2609371542930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11225777864456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173145845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131572","display_name":"Refugee","level":2,"score":0.09769311547279358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/08865655.2016.1195708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2016.1195708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2016.1195708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126386119","display_name":"Journal of Borderlands Studies","issn_l":"0886-5655","issn":["0886-5655","2159-1229"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Borderlands Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:rjbsxx:v:32:y:2017:i:3:p:305-324","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/08865655.2016.1195708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31418137","https://openalex.org/W159431874","https://openalex.org/W209513554","https://openalex.org/W237592794","https://openalex.org/W410924228","https://openalex.org/W617585453","https://openalex.org/W1236659354","https://openalex.org/W1414231324","https://openalex.org/W1498185888","https://openalex.org/W1511579718","https://openalex.org/W1516930332","https://openalex.org/W1541063239","https://openalex.org/W1552142172","https://openalex.org/W1556957082","https://openalex.org/W1567617438","https://openalex.org/W1577848342","https://openalex.org/W1970512454","https://openalex.org/W1974643462","https://openalex.org/W1988554776","https://openalex.org/W1998503209","https://openalex.org/W1999509684","https://openalex.org/W2003204420","https://openalex.org/W2006704913","https://openalex.org/W2009642346","https://openalex.org/W2025629201","https://openalex.org/W2031712427","https://openalex.org/W2039937666","https://openalex.org/W2043510586","https://openalex.org/W2044807730","https://openalex.org/W2048730294","https://openalex.org/W2051530527","https://openalex.org/W2052322986","https://openalex.org/W2052420634","https://openalex.org/W2053133008","https://openalex.org/W2067338369","https://openalex.org/W2093049977","https://openalex.org/W2117580347","https://openalex.org/W2121393013","https://openalex.org/W2126930375","https://openalex.org/W2129369891","https://openalex.org/W2142478388","https://openalex.org/W2162529479","https://openalex.org/W2162974620","https://openalex.org/W2167911813","https://openalex.org/W2245746806","https://openalex.org/W2266909481","https://openalex.org/W2315413886","https://openalex.org/W2320861955","https://openalex.org/W2329678172","https://openalex.org/W2332086051","https://openalex.org/W2343929266","https://openalex.org/W2464998001","https://openalex.org/W2626183281","https://openalex.org/W2796385284","https://openalex.org/W2798987401","https://openalex.org/W2799264353","https://openalex.org/W2886936678","https://openalex.org/W2954091430","https://openalex.org/W3011880962","https://openalex.org/W3023922537","https://openalex.org/W3190048247","https://openalex.org/W4241262751","https://openalex.org/W4247904867","https://openalex.org/W4301659811"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2464998001","https://openalex.org/W2886936678","https://openalex.org/W1970512454","https://openalex.org/W2246164471","https://openalex.org/W7014252457","https://openalex.org/W2597854637","https://openalex.org/W2613666972","https://openalex.org/W35132338","https://openalex.org/W1951897461","https://openalex.org/W4382286814"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,56],"Angola-Zambia":[1],"borderlands":[2],"remain":[3],"a":[4,83,114],"territory":[5],"of":[6,17,28,41,48,63,85,125,131,148],"scarce":[7],"research\u2014a":[8],"scientific":[9],"vacuum":[10],"largely":[11],"justified":[12],"by":[13,112],"the":[14,29,42,46,49,61,64,66,75,77,109,132,146,155],"uncertain":[15],"history":[16,137],"this":[18,35,97],"region.":[19],"Thus,":[20],"based":[21],"on":[22,45],"fieldwork":[23],"conducted":[24],"along":[25],"both":[26],"sides":[27],"border":[30,78,143,156],"between":[31,118],"Zambia":[32],"and":[33,52,68,90,93,105,120,145],"Angola,":[34],"paper":[36],"aims":[37],"to":[38,59,96],"introduce":[39],"some":[40],"key":[43],"events":[44],"genesis":[47],"international":[50],"demarcation":[51,117],"its":[53],"gradual":[54],"consolidation.":[55],"purpose":[57],"is":[58],"analyze":[60],"substance":[62],"border,":[65],"borders\u2014old":[67],"new\u2014within":[69],"that":[70],"same":[71],"territory.":[72],"If":[73],"in":[74,135],"past":[76],"was":[79],"virtually":[80],"non-existent,":[81],"today":[82],"myriad":[84],"not":[86],"always":[87],"evident":[88],"mechanisms":[89],"situations":[91],"compose":[92],"give":[94],"meaning":[95],"borderscape.":[98],"Over":[99],"time,":[100],"slavery,":[101],"forced":[102,141],"labor,":[103],"violence":[104],"high":[106],"taxes":[107],"accentuated":[108],"colonial":[110],"limits":[111],"establishing":[113],"very":[115],"clear":[116],"dispossession":[119],"survival.":[121],"After":[122],"five":[123],"centuries":[124],"Portuguese":[126],"rule,":[127],"Angola":[128],"endured":[129],"one":[130],"deadliest":[133],"conflicts":[134],"recent":[136],"(1961\u20132002).":[138],"Wartime":[139],"episodes,":[140],"displacement,":[142],"smuggling":[144],"spectrum":[147],"Jonas":[149],"Savimbi\u2014the":[150],"deceased":[151],"Angolan":[152],"rebel":[153],"leader\u2014enlarged":[154],"imaginary.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}
