{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2462084442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.2.2.83","title":"Gender and Learner Characteristics","display_name":"Gender and Learner Characteristics","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2462084442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.2.2.83","mag":"2462084442"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.12973/eu-jer.2.2.83","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.2.2.83","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.2.2.83","pdf_url":"https://www.eu-jer.com/core.php?ajax=count&link=http://www.eu-jer.com/EU-JER_2_2_83_Hindal_Etal.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765049135","display_name":"European Journal of Educational Research","issn_l":"2165-8714","issn":["2165-8714"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315609","host_organization_name":"RU Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315609"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["RU Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Educational Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.eu-jer.com/core.php?ajax=count&link=http://www.eu-jer.com/EU-JER_2_2_83_Hindal_Etal.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012152239","display_name":"Huda Hindal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53218197","display_name":"Arabian Gulf University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gd4wn47","country_code":"BH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53218197"]}],"countries":["BH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huda Hindal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53218197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025557270","display_name":"Norman Reid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4718-7602","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4718-7602"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norman Reid","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow, Scotland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060618507","display_name":"R R Whitehead","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rex Whitehead","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow, Scotland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":250},"apc_paid":{"value":250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":250},"fwci":0.5026,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75149167,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"volume-2-2013","issue":"volume2-issue2.html","first_page":"83","last_page":"96"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11820","display_name":"Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences","score":0.8529999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11820","display_name":"Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences","score":0.8529999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13106","display_name":"Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function","score":0.06589999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":0.026799999177455902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"academic performance","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exam-performance","display_name":"exam performance","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-dependence","display_name":"field dependence","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergent-thinking","display_name":"divergent thinking","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visuospatial-ability","display_name":"visuospatial ability","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-memory","display_name":"working memory","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memorization","display_name":"memorization","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences-in-learning","display_name":"sex differences in learning","score":0.6389999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7235937714576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.5808506011962891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.47128596901893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4314896762371063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.40997540950775146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.12973/eu-jer.2.2.83","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.2.2.83","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.2.2.83","pdf_url":"https://www.eu-jer.com/core.php?ajax=count&link=http://www.eu-jer.com/EU-JER_2_2_83_Hindal_Etal.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765049135","display_name":"European Journal of Educational Research","issn_l":"2165-8714","issn":["2165-8714"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315609","host_organization_name":"RU Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315609"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["RU Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Educational Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dergipark.gov.tr:article/389457","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dergipark.gov.tr/eujer/issue/35111/389457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401840","display_name":"DergiPark (Istanbul University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","host_organization_name":"Istanbul University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\\n Volume: 2, Issue: 2\\n 83-96\\n \\n","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dergipark.org.tr:article/389457","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/eujer/issue/35111/389457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401840","display_name":"DergiPark (Istanbul University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","host_organization_name":"Istanbul University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0f710412ee6b4565976c42f162467238","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0f710412ee6b4565976c42f162467238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Educational Research , Vol 2, Iss 2, Pp 83-96 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:3216876366","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.eu-jer.com/gender-and-learner-characteristics","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.12973/eu-jer.2.2.83","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.2.2.83","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.2.2.83","pdf_url":"https://www.eu-jer.com/core.php?ajax=count&link=http://www.eu-jer.com/EU-JER_2_2_83_Hindal_Etal.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765049135","display_name":"European Journal of Educational Research","issn_l":"2165-8714","issn":["2165-8714"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315609","host_organization_name":"RU Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315609"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["RU Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Educational Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"score":0.7307999730110168,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2462084442.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2462084442.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W263259594","https://openalex.org/W438269917","https://openalex.org/W1816991480","https://openalex.org/W1971116638","https://openalex.org/W1975697912","https://openalex.org/W1976637107","https://openalex.org/W1978633991","https://openalex.org/W1984999483","https://openalex.org/W1995319056","https://openalex.org/W1999370576","https://openalex.org/W2005762189","https://openalex.org/W2015164649","https://openalex.org/W2022832284","https://openalex.org/W2027853804","https://openalex.org/W2029731097","https://openalex.org/W2032230311","https://openalex.org/W2036956778","https://openalex.org/W2057434001","https://openalex.org/W2058026750","https://openalex.org/W2075154962","https://openalex.org/W2079306784","https://openalex.org/W2081643455","https://openalex.org/W2084945517","https://openalex.org/W2085122723","https://openalex.org/W2090052796","https://openalex.org/W2090083086","https://openalex.org/W2093937917","https://openalex.org/W2098191272","https://openalex.org/W2100280670","https://openalex.org/W2102354042","https://openalex.org/W2104586881","https://openalex.org/W2113474382","https://openalex.org/W2125323826","https://openalex.org/W2127839526","https://openalex.org/W2129951465","https://openalex.org/W2135406603","https://openalex.org/W2140806590","https://openalex.org/W2149978395","https://openalex.org/W2220930083","https://openalex.org/W2314114332","https://openalex.org/W2397077093","https://openalex.org/W2474851742","https://openalex.org/W3085117799","https://openalex.org/W4240553276","https://openalex.org/W4255771050"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066655950","https://openalex.org/W2418308783","https://openalex.org/W2152724822","https://openalex.org/W2174643386","https://openalex.org/W2245550886","https://openalex.org/W4414259406","https://openalex.org/W3091915889","https://openalex.org/W2519929850","https://openalex.org/W4380152349","https://openalex.org/W7006150118"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0,111],"is":[1,53,80,112,178,284],"well":[2],"established":[3],"that":[4,114,180],"girls":[5,36,57,115,144,190,226,229,252,274],"and":[6,31,35,56,63,130,195,225,233],"boys":[7,34,55,118,148,181,197,224,239,256],"perform":[8],"differently":[9],"in":[10,13,26,38,41,59,84,119,149,159,191,193,210,213,219,241,275],"traditional":[11],"examinations":[12,153,277],"most":[14],"countries.":[15],"This":[16,264],"study":[17],"looks":[18],"at":[19,136,167],"a":[20,42],"sample":[21],"of":[22,44,66,76,101,108,124,128,173,221,269,273,282],"754":[23],"school":[24,151],"students":[25],"Kuwait":[27],"(aged":[28],"about":[29],"13)":[30],"explores":[32],"how":[33,54],"differ":[37,58],"the":[39,67,74,85,92,99,117,133,143,147,168,174,196,222,238,270,279,287],"performance":[40],"range":[43],"tests":[45,120],"related":[46,206],"to":[47,70,82,94,97,207,235,244,254,258,260,289],"learner":[48,61,78],"characteristics.":[49],"The":[50],"fundamental":[51],"question":[52],"these":[60],"characteristics":[62],"do":[64],"any":[65],"differences":[68,158],"relate":[69],"examination":[71],"performance.":[72,110],"If":[73],"development":[75,100],"such":[77,102],"characteristic":[79],"open":[81],"experiences":[83],"formal":[86],"learning":[87],"situations,":[88],"then":[89],"this":[90],"opens":[91],"door":[93],"possible":[95,105],"ways":[96],"encourage":[98],"characteristics,":[103],"with":[104,132,228],"concomitant":[106],"enhancement":[107],"academic":[109],"found":[113,179],"outperform":[116,146],"which":[121],"measure":[122],"extent":[123,127],"field":[125],"dependency,":[126],"divergency":[129],"skills":[131,205],"visual-spatial":[134],"(all":[135],"p":[137],"<":[138],"0.001).":[139],"Confirming":[140],"previous":[141],"studies,":[142],"markedly":[145],"all":[150],"subject":[152],"but":[154],"there":[155],"are":[156,182,198,217],"no":[157],"their":[160],"measured":[161],"working":[162,187,247],"memory":[163,188],"capacities.":[164],"In":[165],"looking":[166],"relationships":[169],"between":[170],"various":[171],"combinations":[172],"measurements":[175],"made,":[176],"it":[177,262],"much":[183,200],"more":[184,201,231],"dependent":[185,202],"on":[186,203,246],"than":[189,237],"performing":[192],"examinations,":[194],"also":[199],"employing":[204],"divergent":[208],"thought":[209],"achieving":[211],"success":[212,272],"examinations.":[214],"These":[215],"observations":[216],"interpreted":[218],"terms":[220],"way":[223],"learn,":[227],"being":[230],"conscientious":[232],"willing":[234],"memorise":[236],"who,":[240],"turn,":[242],"have":[243],"rely":[245],"things":[248],"out":[249],"for":[250],"success:":[251],"tend":[253,257],"memorise;":[255],"try":[259],"work":[261],"out.":[263],"may":[265],"offer":[266],"an":[267],"explanation":[268],"greater":[271],"typical":[276],"where":[278],"accurate":[280],"recall":[281],"information":[283],"so":[285],"often":[286],"key":[288],"success.":[290]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}