{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2461882166","doi":null,"title":"Impacts of spatial and environmental heterogeneity on grizzly bear demographics in the greater yellowstone ecosystem : A source-sink dynamic with management consequences","display_name":"Impacts of spatial and environmental heterogeneity on grizzly bear demographics in the greater yellowstone ecosystem : A source-sink dynamic with management consequences","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2461882166","mag":"2461882166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2461882166","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cas.umt.edu/facultydatabase/FILES_Faculty/1152/Schwartz%20et%20al%202006%20Source%20sink%20dynamics%20Wild%20Monog%20161.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124985173","display_name":"Wildlife Monographs","issn_l":"0084-0173","issn":["0084-0173","1938-5455"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wildlife Monographs","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067209378","display_name":"Charles C. Schwartz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles C. Schwartz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079802966","display_name":"Richard B. Harris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1420-5512","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1420-5512"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard B. Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1420-5512","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075216172","display_name":"Mark A. Haroldson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark A. Haroldson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0328,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72532699,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"161","issue":null,"first_page":"57","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13388","display_name":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11913","display_name":"Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grizzly-bear","display_name":"grizzly bear","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-sink-dynamics","display_name":"source-sink dynamics","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-heterogeneity","display_name":"spatial heterogeneity","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat-heterogeneity","display_name":"habitat heterogeneity","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survival-rate","display_name":"survival rate","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-tables","display_name":"life tables","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residency","display_name":"residency","score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yellowstone-national-park","display_name":"Yellowstone National Park","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greater-yellowstone-ecosystem","display_name":"Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-availability","display_name":"food availability","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-heterogeneity","display_name":"temporal heterogeneity","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropogenic-food-resources","display_name":"anthropogenic food","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographics","display_name":"demographics","score":0.3140000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908882067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171004","display_name":"Grizzly Bears","level":4,"score":0.819359540939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6372512578964233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29376679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241741","display_name":"Wildlife","level":2,"score":0.6146544814109802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5305500626564026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.4822438657283783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.47832489013671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.47742709517478943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.4582135081291199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180478619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574066","display_name":"Spatial heterogeneity","level":2,"score":0.4316999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.23845821619033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776653109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243359","display_name":"Ursus","level":3,"score":0.22543612122535706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.13027310371398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2461882166","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cas.umt.edu/facultydatabase/FILES_Faculty/1152/Schwartz%20et%20al%202006%20Source%20sink%20dynamics%20Wild%20Monog%20161.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124985173","display_name":"Wildlife Monographs","issn_l":"0084-0173","issn":["0084-0173","1938-5455"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wildlife Monographs","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.8518999814987183}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":141,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2518105","https://openalex.org/W2909662","https://openalex.org/W35678433","https://openalex.org/W52617630","https://openalex.org/W55139997","https://openalex.org/W112832630","https://openalex.org/W130336875","https://openalex.org/W173271883","https://openalex.org/W175790746","https://openalex.org/W191783749","https://openalex.org/W344008262","https://openalex.org/W649600146","https://openalex.org/W1483577629","https://openalex.org/W1493790738","https://openalex.org/W1498603190","https://openalex.org/W1500201598","https://openalex.org/W1558856683","https://openalex.org/W1572426102","https://openalex.org/W1579336559","https://openalex.org/W1910215337","https://openalex.org/W1965399019","https://openalex.org/W1965555277","https://openalex.org/W1966699834","https://openalex.org/W1968604548","https://openalex.org/W1970245314","https://openalex.org/W1971427653","https://openalex.org/W1973455972","https://openalex.org/W1973931507","https://openalex.org/W1973948212","https://openalex.org/W1974045219","https://openalex.org/W1975235315","https://openalex.org/W1975531756","https://openalex.org/W1976927254","https://openalex.org/W1977944776","https://openalex.org/W1983607152","https://openalex.org/W1984774732","https://openalex.org/W1987984855","https://openalex.org/W1991272447","https://openalex.org/W1991445071","https://openalex.org/W1992274593","https://openalex.org/W1998972362","https://openalex.org/W2001691516","https://openalex.org/W2005812447","https://openalex.org/W2008592508","https://openalex.org/W2009435671","https://openalex.org/W2010555875","https://openalex.org/W2011225311","https://openalex.org/W2014317435","https://openalex.org/W2016076098","https://openalex.org/W2018595694","https://openalex.org/W2020396676","https://openalex.org/W2026044928","https://openalex.org/W2033604893","https://openalex.org/W2036337444","https://openalex.org/W2040426640","https://openalex.org/W2040618444","https://openalex.org/W2040762081","https://openalex.org/W2043558891","https://openalex.org/W2045253447","https://openalex.org/W2046777929","https://openalex.org/W2052275781","https://openalex.org/W2056157740","https://openalex.org/W2058066409","https://openalex.org/W2060651330","https://openalex.org/W2064766823","https://openalex.org/W2065331816","https://openalex.org/W2073701242","https://openalex.org/W2075087768","https://openalex.org/W2076133781","https://openalex.org/W2077343001","https://openalex.org/W2077959816","https://openalex.org/W2081980924","https://openalex.org/W2089734137","https://openalex.org/W2090244890","https://openalex.org/W2093772437","https://openalex.org/W2095003305","https://openalex.org/W2095098796","https://openalex.org/W2096404101","https://openalex.org/W2102892585","https://openalex.org/W2107111142","https://openalex.org/W2108544356","https://openalex.org/W2109996899","https://openalex.org/W2112198355","https://openalex.org/W2127385765","https://openalex.org/W2131728605","https://openalex.org/W2131960895","https://openalex.org/W2135403333","https://openalex.org/W2137624681","https://openalex.org/W2138498069","https://openalex.org/W2139017561","https://openalex.org/W2139164653","https://openalex.org/W2141763286","https://openalex.org/W2143565343","https://openalex.org/W2145953213","https://openalex.org/W2149059051","https://openalex.org/W2149357373","https://openalex.org/W2150409801","https://openalex.org/W2153230190","https://openalex.org/W2160445369","https://openalex.org/W2167726825","https://openalex.org/W2176074022","https://openalex.org/W2176654786","https://openalex.org/W2178546989","https://openalex.org/W2180663443","https://openalex.org/W2185596443","https://openalex.org/W2219641647","https://openalex.org/W2277135094","https://openalex.org/W2299795062","https://openalex.org/W2314889530","https://openalex.org/W2316618566","https://openalex.org/W2317485746","https://openalex.org/W2317514788","https://openalex.org/W2322093374","https://openalex.org/W2324986634","https://openalex.org/W2327127490","https://openalex.org/W2327180725","https://openalex.org/W2327419569","https://openalex.org/W2332855931","https://openalex.org/W2333285413","https://openalex.org/W2335151636","https://openalex.org/W2335444418","https://openalex.org/W2362289663","https://openalex.org/W2365694484","https://openalex.org/W2469223719","https://openalex.org/W2487309777","https://openalex.org/W2505524206","https://openalex.org/W2526723636","https://openalex.org/W2561003335","https://openalex.org/W2567238757","https://openalex.org/W2570324582","https://openalex.org/W2782477891","https://openalex.org/W2797573260","https://openalex.org/W2799446371","https://openalex.org/W2799678465","https://openalex.org/W2800339263","https://openalex.org/W2800742499","https://openalex.org/W2801429163","https://openalex.org/W2801924987","https://openalex.org/W2802192876","https://openalex.org/W2802657152","https://openalex.org/W3146425672"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2132697172","https://openalex.org/W2130380975","https://openalex.org/W2140378200","https://openalex.org/W2909662","https://openalex.org/W2108544356","https://openalex.org/W6904048140","https://openalex.org/W2136241249","https://openalex.org/W2011936457","https://openalex.org/W2505524206","https://openalex.org/W7219975702"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"By":[0],"necessity,":[1],"grizzly":[2,74,103,151],"bear":[3,75,152],"demographic":[4],"models":[5,194,256],"have":[6],"largely":[7],"ignored":[8],"spatial":[9,25,126],"considerations":[10],"(McLellan":[11],"1989,":[12],"Eberhardt":[13,17],"et":[14,58,115,120,201,205],"al.":[15,59,116,121,202,206],"1994,":[16],"1995,":[18],"Hovey":[19],"and":[20,38,77,98,108,118,175,180,197,231,244,257],"McLellan":[21],"1996).":[22,56],"However,":[23],"ignoring":[24],"heterogeneity":[26,72,262],"is":[27],"equivalent":[28],"to":[29,65,149,165,212],"assuming":[30],"that":[31,39,124],"individuals":[32],"live":[33],"in":[34,53,234],"a":[35],"homogeneous":[36],"environment":[37],"all":[40],"members":[41],"of":[42,70,79,85,112,128,134,140,168,184,191,195,222,228,237,260],"the":[43,46,63,67,86,138,172,182,185,192,235,242],"population":[44,266],"experience":[45],"same":[47],"environmental":[48],"conditions":[49],"at":[50],"any":[51],"point":[52],"time":[54],"(Pulliam":[55],"Knight":[57],"(1988)":[60],"were":[61,130],"probably":[62],"first":[64],"recognize":[66],"potential":[68],"effect":[69],"habitat":[71],"on":[73,82,265],"survival":[76,189],"impacts":[78,259],"sink":[80],"habitats":[81],"long-term":[83],"conservation":[84],"species":[87],"(see":[88],"also":[89],"Doak":[90],"1995).":[91],"These":[92,208],"sinks,":[93],"associated":[94],"with":[95],"human":[96],"activity":[97],"development,":[99],"represented":[100],"locations":[101],"where":[102],"bears":[104,199],"obtained":[105],"anthropogenic":[106],"foods":[107],"suffered":[109],"high":[110],"rates":[111,190],"mortality.":[113],"Schwartz":[114,204],"(2006c)":[117],"Haroldson":[119],"(2006)":[122],"demonstrated":[123],"simple":[125],"indices":[127],"residency":[129,155],"consistently":[131],"important":[132],"correlates":[133,221],"survival.":[135,223],"To":[136],"understand":[137],"implications":[139,245],"geographically":[141],"heterogeneous":[142],"survival,":[143],"we":[144,249],"explored":[145,226],"life":[146],"tables":[147],"corresponding":[148],"hypothetical":[150],"populations":[153],"whose":[154],"varied":[156],"from":[157,241],"living":[158],"entirely":[159,166],"within":[160,171],"Yellowstone":[161],"National":[162],"Park":[163],"(InYNP),":[164],"outside":[167],"YNP":[169],"but":[170],"U.S.":[173],"Fish":[174],"Wildlife":[176],"Service\u2013designated":[177],"RZ":[178,186],"(OutYNP),":[179],"beyond":[181],"borders":[183],"(OutRZ),":[187],"using":[188],"top":[193],"dependent":[196],"independent":[198],"(Haroldson":[200],"2006,":[203],"2006c).":[207],"3":[209],"zones":[210],"correspond":[211],"distinct":[213],"management":[214],"approaches,":[215],"although":[216],"they":[217],"doubtless":[218],"ignore":[219],"finerscale":[220],"We":[224],"further":[225],"consequences":[227],"these":[229],"simulations":[230],"discuss":[232],"them":[233],"context":[236],"source\u2013sink":[238],"theory,":[239,243],"deviations":[240],"for":[246],"management.":[247],"Additionally,":[248],"incorporate":[250],"significant":[251],"temporal":[252,261],"covariates":[253],"into":[254],"our":[255],"explore":[258],"(food":[263],"availability)":[264],"demographics.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}