{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2460133894","doi":null,"title":"The effects of plasma treatment on the microstructure of metals","display_name":"The effects of plasma treatment on the microstructure of metals","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2460133894","mag":"2460133894"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.hmsjournal.org:article/238","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hmsjournal.org/index.php/home/article/view/238","pdf_url":"https://hmsjournal.org/index.php/home/article/download/238/227","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765050255","display_name":"Historical Metallurgy","issn_l":"0142-3304","issn":["0142-3304","2755-0249"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405268949","host_organization_name":"The Historical Metallurgy Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268949"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"0142-3304","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://hmsjournal.org/index.php/home/article/download/238/227","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020899776","display_name":"P. Craddock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7950-6394","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7950-6394"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craddock, Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["56 St Margaret\u2019s Street, Rochester, Kent ME1 1TU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"56 St Margaret\u2019s Street, Rochester, Kent ME1 1TU","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lang, Janet","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lang, Janet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 218, Reading RG6 2AA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 218, Reading RG6 2AA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0012945,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13742","display_name":"Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts","score":0.7329000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13742","display_name":"Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts","score":0.7329000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.23160000145435333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13470","display_name":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","score":0.013100000098347664,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-treatment","display_name":"plasma treatment","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-microstructure","display_name":"metal microstructure","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron","display_name":"iron","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silver","display_name":"silver","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corrosion-protection","display_name":"corrosion protection","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-transitions","display_name":"phase transitions","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-treatment","display_name":"heat treatment","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallography","display_name":"metallography","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"authentication","score":0.6079999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.6912270784378052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.6432905197143555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.5342456698417664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5247982740402222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.4802151620388031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.4392681121826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1645125150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1340446174144745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07279768586158752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.hmsjournal.org:article/238","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hmsjournal.org/index.php/home/article/view/238","pdf_url":"https://hmsjournal.org/index.php/home/article/download/238/227","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765050255","display_name":"Historical Metallurgy","issn_l":"0142-3304","issn":["0142-3304","2755-0249"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405268949","host_organization_name":"The Historical Metallurgy Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268949"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"0142-3304","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.hmsjournal.org:article/238","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hmsjournal.org/index.php/home/article/view/238","pdf_url":"https://hmsjournal.org/index.php/home/article/download/238/227","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765050255","display_name":"Historical Metallurgy","issn_l":"0142-3304","issn":["0142-3304","2755-0249"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405268949","host_organization_name":"The Historical Metallurgy Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268949"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"0142-3304","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313240","display_name":"Historical Metallurgy Society","ror":"https://ror.org/02jdytb83"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2460133894.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2460133894.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975791834","https://openalex.org/W2065696302","https://openalex.org/W2044654961","https://openalex.org/W2006737950","https://openalex.org/W2030225274","https://openalex.org/W412535416","https://openalex.org/W2039343416","https://openalex.org/W1994873448","https://openalex.org/W2042265651","https://openalex.org/W4301143144"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Plasma":[0],"treatment":[1,8,26],"became":[2],"an":[3],"established":[4],"method":[5],"for":[6],"the":[7,15,25,32,35,46,98,109,122,129,133,146],"of":[9,34,77,80,97,124,132,145,160],"corroding":[10],"metals,":[11],"particularly":[12],"iron,":[13],"in":[14,52,100,106,108],"1990s.":[16],"There":[17],"seemed":[18],"to":[19,67,104,167],"be":[20,68],"a":[21,75],"general":[22],"assumption":[23],"that":[24],"had":[27],"little":[28],"significant":[29,118],"effect":[30],"on":[31],"microstructure":[33],"metals":[36,107],"and":[37,82,87,95,119,162],"this":[38],"has":[39],"never":[40],"been":[41,138,151],"seriously":[42],"challenged.":[43],"Although":[44],"under":[45],"less":[47],"extreme":[48],"conditions":[49],"now":[50],"adopted":[51],"some":[53,96],"laboratories":[54],"gross":[55],"phase":[56],"changes":[57,63,99,116,155],"may":[58],"not":[59],"happen,":[60],"more":[61],"subtle":[62],"are":[64,93,113,117,120,164],"very":[65],"likely":[66,103],"taking":[69],"place,":[70],"as":[71],"exemplified":[72],"here":[73],"by":[74,141],"series":[76],"test":[78],"pieces":[79],"iron":[81],"silver":[83],"metallographically":[84],"examined":[85],"before":[86],"after":[88],"plasma":[89],"treatment.":[90],"These":[91,115],"tests":[92],"described":[94],"structure":[101],"thatare":[102],"occur":[105,156],"temperature":[110],"range":[111],"100\u2013300\u00b0C":[112],"outlined.":[114],"often":[121],"result":[123],"deliberate":[125],"heat":[126],"treatments":[127],"during":[128],"original":[130],"manufacture":[131],"artefacts.":[134],"Once":[135],"they":[136],"have":[137,150],"modifi":[139],"ed":[140],"subsequent":[142],"heating":[143],"much":[144],"fabrication":[147],"history":[148],"will":[149],"lost.":[152],"Other":[153],"structural":[154],"over":[157],"long":[158],"periods":[159],"time":[161],"these":[163],"also":[165],"vulnerable":[166],"quite":[168],"modest":[169],"heating,":[170],"thereby":[171],"compromising":[172],"future":[173],"authentication":[174],"examinations.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}
