{"id":"https://openalex.org/W24465237","doi":null,"title":"New pharmacotherapies for treating the neurobiology of alcohol and drug addiction.","display_name":"New pharmacotherapies for treating the neurobiology of alcohol and drug addiction.","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W24465237","mag":"24465237","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21103174","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2990620"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2990620","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2990620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychiatry (Edgmont)","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2990620","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056190046","display_name":"Helen M. Pettinati","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helen M Pettinati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dr. Pettinati is a Professor, Department of Psychiatry Ms. Rabinowitz is a Research Coordinator-Both from University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dr. Pettinati is a Professor, Department of Psychiatry Ms. Rabinowitz is a Research Coordinator-Both from University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030601455","display_name":"Amanda R. Rabinowitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8027-7111","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8027-7111"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amanda R Rabinowitz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2451,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62962773,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"5","first_page":"14","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.014299999922513962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11207","display_name":"Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-therapy","display_name":"pharmacotherapy","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcoholism","display_name":"alcoholism","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-addiction","display_name":"drug addiction","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicotine-dependence","display_name":"nicotine dependence","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-cessation","display_name":"smoking cessation","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naltrexone","display_name":"naltrexone","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vivitrol","display_name":"Vivitrol","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disulfiram","display_name":"disulfiram","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acamprosate","display_name":"acamprosate","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opioid-antagonists","display_name":"opioid antagonists","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-reward-system","display_name":"brain reward system","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/addiction-treatment","display_name":"addiction treatment","score":0.3400000035762787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777972943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409587","display_name":"Naltrexone","level":4,"score":0.9178025126457214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779992327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337668","display_name":"Acamprosate","level":5,"score":0.8651089668273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7227907776832581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778523461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409665","display_name":"Disulfiram","level":2,"score":0.7175191640853882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48856860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12029","display_name":"Addiction","level":2,"score":0.5671775341033936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779436514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4713263","display_name":"Alcohol dependence","level":3,"score":0.5513383150100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.5296984314918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777288759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4164182","display_name":"Dosing","level":2,"score":0.5044289827346802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q834280","display_name":"Bupropion","level":3,"score":0.497830867767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778903686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60168","display_name":"Heroin","level":3,"score":0.4740559756755829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.46351587772369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.4155384302139282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.41266608238220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781066024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156","display_name":"Alcohol","level":2,"score":0.29738885164260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777843972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2462253","display_name":"Smoking cessation","level":2,"score":0.23307380080223083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.18680459260940552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781063702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427523","display_name":"Opioid","level":3,"score":0.13649502396583557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2990620","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2990620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychiatry (Edgmont)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:21103174","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21103174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychiatry (Edgmont (Pa. : Township))","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:24465237","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21103174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2990620","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2990620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychiatry (Edgmont)","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9789000153541565,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32353883","https://openalex.org/W1603135599","https://openalex.org/W1633081414","https://openalex.org/W1965591897","https://openalex.org/W1966136869","https://openalex.org/W2019709536","https://openalex.org/W2045341302","https://openalex.org/W2076078537","https://openalex.org/W2107687266","https://openalex.org/W2126519871","https://openalex.org/W2147138162","https://openalex.org/W2155133471","https://openalex.org/W2156122963","https://openalex.org/W2157053804","https://openalex.org/W2162113821","https://openalex.org/W2166223410","https://openalex.org/W4297905036"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2024974824","https://openalex.org/W253327093","https://openalex.org/W2034538711","https://openalex.org/W2104284600","https://openalex.org/W4416431350","https://openalex.org/W140610111","https://openalex.org/W4240292573","https://openalex.org/W2020352917","https://openalex.org/W153660710","https://openalex.org/W99423957"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"14":[0],"I":[1],"n":[2],"the":[3,13,25,32,37,46,103,128,166,169,221,261,280,298],"past":[4],"decade,":[5],"scientists":[6],"have":[7],"made":[8],"important":[9],"progress":[10],"toward":[11],"understanding":[12],"neurobiology":[14],"underlying":[15],"drug":[16],"and":[17,91,105,276],"alcohol":[18,71,116,131,172,189,225,311],"addiction.":[19],"This":[20,305],"knowledge":[21],"has":[22,227,244],"led":[23],"to":[24,114,184,251,301,316],"development":[26,78],"of":[27,75,119,130,139,158,171,196,217,248,282,291,297],"promising":[28],"phamacotherapies":[29],"that":[30,45,253],"target":[31],"neural":[33],"pathways":[34],"involved":[35],"in":[36,41,137],"brain\u2019s":[38],"reward":[39],"center":[40],"such":[42],"a":[43,73,193,283,288],"way":[44,183],"usual":[47],"treatment":[48,129,170,285],"response":[49,286],"(via":[50],"counseling)":[51],"is":[52,192,269],"substantially":[53],"improved":[54],"upon.":[55],"Today":[56],"there":[57,122],"are":[58,98,123,134,236,322,328],"some":[59],"FDAapproved":[60],"options,":[61],"for":[62,64,85,95,127,168,209,223,230,272,287,308],"example,":[63],"treating":[65,86,115,224,309],"cigarette":[66],"smoking":[67,96],"as":[68,70,118],"well":[69],"disorders\u2014with":[72],"number":[74,290],"medications":[76],"under":[77],"by":[79,82,110,165,220],"NIH":[80],"or":[81,258],"pharmaceutical":[83],"companies":[84],"these":[87],"addictions.":[88],"The":[89,213],"current":[90],"well-known":[92],"FDA-approved":[93,125],"pharmacotherapies":[94,126],"cessation":[97],"nicotine":[99],"patches,":[100],"available":[101,109,229],"over":[102,231],"counter,":[104],"bupropion":[106],"(Zyban)":[107],"tablets,":[108],"prescription.":[111],"With":[112],"respect":[113],"disorders,":[117],"April":[120,175],"2006,":[121,177],"four":[124],"dependence.":[132],"They":[133],"listed":[135],"here":[136],"order":[138],"FDA-approval":[140],"dates:":[141],"disulfiram":[142],"(Antabuse),":[143],"oral":[144,214],"naltrexone":[145,159,206],"(Revia),":[146],"acamprosate":[147],"(Campral),":[148],"and,":[149],"most":[150],"recently,":[151],"an":[152,181,188,198,310],"extendedrelease":[153],"(30-day)":[154],"injectable":[155],"suspension":[156],"formulation":[157],"(Vivitrol).":[160],"Vivitrol,":[161],"just":[162],"recently":[163],"approved":[164,219],"FDA":[167,222],"dependence":[173],"on":[174],"13,":[176],"provides":[178,204],"clinicians":[179,315],"with":[180,187],"innovative":[182],"treat":[185],"patients":[186,254,296,321],"disorder.":[190],"Vivitrol":[191],"once-a-month":[194],"injection":[195,203],"naltrexone,":[197,218,325],"opiate":[199],"antagonist,":[200],"where":[201],"one":[202],"therapeutic":[205],"plasma":[207],"concentrations":[208],"approximately":[210],"30":[211],"days.":[212],"tablet":[215],"form":[216],"dependence,":[226],"been":[228],"10":[232],"years":[233],"(more":[234],"details":[235],"given":[237],"below),":[238],"but":[239],"its":[240],"daily":[241,299],"dosing":[242],"typically":[243],"required":[245],"high":[246],"levels":[247],"clinician":[249],"vigilance":[250],"ensure":[252],"don\u2019t":[255],"skip":[256],"doses":[257],"stop":[259],"taking":[260,266],"medication":[262],"altogether.":[263],"That":[264],"is,":[265],"pills":[267],"everyday":[268],"particularly":[270],"difficult":[271],"this":[273],"patient":[274],"population":[275],"can":[277],"ultimately":[278],"compromise":[279],"chances":[281],"good":[284],"formidable":[289],"patients.":[292],"Monthly":[293],"injections":[294],"relieve":[295],"decision":[300],"take":[302],"their":[303,320],"medicine.":[304],"new":[306],"technology":[307],"disorder":[312],"also":[313],"allows":[314],"better":[317],"determine":[318],"if":[319],"benefiting":[323],"from":[324],"because":[326],"they":[327],"assured":[329],"[":[330],"b":[331],"r":[332,336,340],"i":[333],"e":[334,337],"f":[335],"p":[338],"o":[339],"t":[341],"]":[342]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}