{"id":"https://openalex.org/W244477286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.25.1.11","title":"The Economic Benefits of Mega Events: A Myth or a Reality? A Longitudinal Study on the Olympic Games","display_name":"The Economic Benefits of Mega Events: A Myth or a Reality? A Longitudinal Study on the Olympic Games","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W244477286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.25.1.11","mag":"244477286"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1123/jsm.25.1.11","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.25.1.11","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.25.1.11","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165879012","display_name":"Journal of Sport Management","issn_l":"0888-4773","issn":["0888-4773","1543-270X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322142","host_organization_name":"Human Kinetics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Human Kinetics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sport Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089567137","display_name":"Chengli Tien","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134161618","display_name":"National Taiwan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/059dkdx38","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengli Tien","raw_affiliation_strings":["1National Taiwan Normal University","Department of East Asian Studies (Include Granduate Institute of Political Science)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1National Taiwan Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of East Asian Studies (Include Granduate Institute of Political Science)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090338220","display_name":"Huai\u2010Chun Lo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99908691","display_name":"Yuan Ze University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv1ds98","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huai-Chun Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["2Yuan Ze University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Yuan Ze University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112179382","display_name":"Hsiou-Wei Lin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsiou-Wei Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["3National Taiwan University","National Taiwan University > > > > > >"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3National Taiwan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University > > > > > >","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.9943,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98234558,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"11","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11474","display_name":"Sport and Mega-Event Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11474","display_name":"Sport and Mega-Event Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13296","display_name":"Sociology, History and Politics of Sport","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12402","display_name":"Travel-related health issues","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mega-events","display_name":"mega-events","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/olympic-games","display_name":"Olympic Games","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-impact","display_name":"economic impact","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host-countries","display_name":"host countries","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gross-domestic-product","display_name":"gross domestic product","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"unemployment","score":0.996999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781078984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107205","display_name":"Mega-","level":2,"score":0.6274896860122681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.6137374639511108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333508","display_name":"Economic impact analysis","level":2,"score":0.581623375415802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5501068234443665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.506477952003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114350782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12638","display_name":"Gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.4640556573867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519517224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12827256","display_name":"Mythology","level":2,"score":0.46346819400787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.45865345001220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.4250061810016632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4156287908554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4020337462425232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3495069444179535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3416721522808075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2732187807559967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.13208797574043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.12162810564041138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1123/jsm.25.1.11","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.25.1.11","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.25.1.11","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165879012","display_name":"Journal of Sport Management","issn_l":"0888-4773","issn":["0888-4773","1543-270X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322142","host_organization_name":"Human Kinetics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Human Kinetics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sport Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6452000141143799,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43487559","https://openalex.org/W97686445","https://openalex.org/W569283809","https://openalex.org/W602041982","https://openalex.org/W1512661396","https://openalex.org/W1515729775","https://openalex.org/W1537555322","https://openalex.org/W1824257226","https://openalex.org/W1874872224","https://openalex.org/W1878617427","https://openalex.org/W1885114148","https://openalex.org/W1988316245","https://openalex.org/W1990920439","https://openalex.org/W1996642591","https://openalex.org/W2012376824","https://openalex.org/W2016265047","https://openalex.org/W2031909653","https://openalex.org/W2032309562","https://openalex.org/W2033385979","https://openalex.org/W2037372637","https://openalex.org/W2046250745","https://openalex.org/W2060911548","https://openalex.org/W2089232238","https://openalex.org/W2097405135","https://openalex.org/W2110329950","https://openalex.org/W2116295271","https://openalex.org/W2118370352","https://openalex.org/W2118821421","https://openalex.org/W2123488550","https://openalex.org/W2127424483","https://openalex.org/W2131641806","https://openalex.org/W2134361581","https://openalex.org/W2146333309","https://openalex.org/W2164076853","https://openalex.org/W2164150344","https://openalex.org/W2164215212","https://openalex.org/W2206041223","https://openalex.org/W2290116085","https://openalex.org/W2292021272","https://openalex.org/W2331604936","https://openalex.org/W2743822816","https://openalex.org/W2986492236","https://openalex.org/W3123078142","https://openalex.org/W4205327251"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2948928508","https://openalex.org/W1994784034","https://openalex.org/W4415022778","https://openalex.org/W2383699241","https://openalex.org/W2212744789","https://openalex.org/W2810067566","https://openalex.org/W2959336147","https://openalex.org/W6999978535","https://openalex.org/W7056330112","https://openalex.org/W4206387885"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,29],"study":[1,30],"concerns":[2],"research":[3],"related":[4],"to":[5,13,40],"mega":[6,110],"events,":[7],"such":[8],"as":[9,120],"the":[10,16,20,24,45,63,67,71,90,104],"Olympic":[11,21,57,68],"Games,":[12],"determine":[14],"whether":[15,114],"economic":[17,64,105],"impact":[18,65,106],"of":[19,66,79,107],"Games":[22,69],"on":[23,44,70],"host":[25,72],"countries":[26,49,73],"is":[27,74],"significant.":[28],"uses":[31],"two":[32],"methods,":[33],"panel":[34],"data":[35,46],"analysis":[36],"and":[37,55,87,100,112],"event":[38,111],"study,":[39],"test":[41],"hypotheses":[42],"based":[43],"from":[47],"15":[48],"that":[50,62],"have":[51],"hosted":[52],"24":[53],"summer":[54],"winter":[56],"Games.":[58],"The":[59],"results":[60],"indicate":[61],"only":[75],"significant":[76],"in":[77,89],"terms":[78],"certain":[80],"parameters":[81],"(i.e.,":[82],"gross":[83],"domestic":[84],"product":[85],"performance":[86],"unemployment)":[88],"short":[91],"term.":[92],"These":[93],"findings":[94],"provide":[95],"decision":[96],"makers":[97],"with":[98],"comprehensive":[99],"multidimensional":[101],"knowledge":[102],"about":[103,113],"hosting":[108],"a":[109],"their":[115],"objectives":[116],"can":[117],"be":[118],"realized":[119],"expected.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
