{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2444553014","doi":null,"title":"Selection and performance of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system.","display_name":"Selection and performance of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system.","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2444553014","mag":"2444553014","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9225643"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:9225643","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9225643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111516315","display_name":"Pertti L.A. L\u00e4hteenm\u00e4ki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P L\u00e4hteenm\u00e4ki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022339139","display_name":"Bardin Cw","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C W Bardin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062285725","display_name":"Kaisa Elomaa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1167-699X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1167-699X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Elomaa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086881405","display_name":"Maija Haukkamaa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Haukkamaa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029998150","display_name":"A Kivij\u00e4rvi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Kivij\u00e4rvi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058433085","display_name":"Aki Kuukankorpi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Kuukankorpi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039752908","display_name":"Mika Venhola","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Venhola","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108530859","display_name":"Juhani Tuominen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Tuominen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5656,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76775868,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"164","issue":null,"first_page":"69","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13942","display_name":"International Human Rights and Reproductive Law","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11589","display_name":"Gynecological conditions and treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levonorgestrel-releasing-intrauterine-system","display_name":"levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hormonal-contraception","display_name":"hormonal contraception","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/device-discontinuation","display_name":"device discontinuation","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/menorrhagia","display_name":"menorrhagia","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dysmenorrhea","display_name":"dysmenorrhea","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iud-side-effects","display_name":"IUD side effects","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-selection","display_name":"patient selection","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unwanted-pregnancy","display_name":"unwanted pregnancy","score":0.5040000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780186607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416950","display_name":"Levonorgestrel","level":5,"score":0.8993995785713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8361778259277344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778715236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55622662","display_name":"Discontinuation","level":2,"score":0.8329267501831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779076696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1280670","display_name":"Family planning","level":4,"score":0.6831749081611633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776810592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899868","display_name":"Intrauterine device","level":5,"score":0.6207221746444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.6093482375144958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.517113447189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776172332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7292449","display_name":"Hormonal contraception","level":5,"score":0.4836808145046234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.461418479681015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4347715675830841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.37417057156562805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986817661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185698","display_name":"Research methodology","level":3,"score":0.22161659598350525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.19752922654151917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003271","descriptor_name":"Contraceptive Agents, Female","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003271","descriptor_name":"Contraceptive Agents, Female","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005500","descriptor_name":"Follow-Up Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007435","descriptor_name":"Intrauterine Devices, Copper","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007436","descriptor_name":"Intrauterine Devices, Medicated","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016912","descriptor_name":"Levonorgestrel","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016912","descriptor_name":"Levonorgestrel","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:9225643","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9225643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2444553014","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9225643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9789000153541565,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2519799678","https://openalex.org/W2341030112","https://openalex.org/W4307346916","https://openalex.org/W7083312960","https://openalex.org/W1935308206","https://openalex.org/W4220920702","https://openalex.org/W2064758869","https://openalex.org/W2782078865","https://openalex.org/W3199245562","https://openalex.org/W2293102563"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1],"levonorgestrel-releasing":[2],"intrauterine":[3,29],"system":[4],"(LNg":[5],"IUS)":[6],"is":[7,12],"a":[8,43,97,165,212,244],"hormonal":[9,213,217,251],"contraceptive":[10,59],"that":[11,160],"used":[13,131,238],"in":[14,46,162,224],"the":[15,21,49,71,74,85,128,136,173,192,225,229],"uterine":[16],"cavity.":[17],"To":[18],"determine":[19],"whether":[20,35],"reasons":[22],"for":[23],"choosing":[24],"LNg":[25,53,63,86,137,233],"IUS":[26,54,64,87,138,234],"vs.":[27,108,113,121,152,170,182],"copperreleasing":[28],"devices":[30],"(Cu":[31],"IUDs)":[32],"differ":[33],"and":[34,58,65,70,115,202],"their":[36],"performances":[37],"are":[38],"comparable,":[39],"we":[40],"carried":[41],"out":[42],"retrospective":[44],"study":[45],"Finland":[47],"during":[48,145],"first":[50],"years":[51],"of":[52,61,73,99,102,127,148,164,178,198,200,216,228],"use.":[55],"METHODS:":[56],"Gynecological":[57],"histories":[60],"626":[62,66],"Cu":[67,92,132,167,188],"IUD":[68,93,168,189,246],"users":[69,190],"performance":[72],"device":[75],"were":[76,88,186,221],"reviewed":[77],"from":[78],"patient":[79],"records.":[80],"RESULTS:":[81],"Women":[82],"who":[83,208,241,248],"accepted":[84],"more":[89,106,142,157,195],"likely":[90],"than":[91],"acceptors":[94,139],"to":[95],"have":[96,249],"history":[98],"menstrual":[100],"bleeding":[101,111,201],"6":[103],"days":[104],"or":[105,117,247],"(44.4%":[107],"28.4%),":[109],"heavy":[110],"(44.8%":[112],"8.4%)":[114],"moderate":[116],"severe":[118],"dysmenorrhea":[119],"(15.9%":[120],"7.5%).":[122],"In":[123],"both":[124],"groups,":[125],"70%":[126],"women":[129,207,240],"had":[130,140,141,209],"IUDs":[133,150],"earlier.":[134],"However,":[135,172],"side":[143,158,218,252],"effects":[144,159,253],"previous":[146,166],"use":[147,243],"CU":[149,245],"(58.2%":[151],"28.8%).":[153],"They":[154],"also":[155],"reported":[156],"resulted":[161],"discontinuation":[163],"(39.4%":[169],"10.1%).":[171],"12-month":[174],"life-table":[175],"continuation":[176,226],"rates":[177,227],"80.6":[179],"(SE":[180,184],"1.9)%":[181],"83.4":[183],"1.8)%":[185],"alike.":[187],"discontinued":[191,211],"current":[193],"method":[194,214],"often":[196],"because":[197,215],"problems":[199],"unwanted":[203],"pregnancy.":[204],"Among":[205],"those":[206],"previously":[210],"effects,":[219],"there":[220],"no":[222],"differences":[223],"two":[230],"groups.":[231],"CONCLUSIONS:":[232],"can":[235],"be":[236],"successfully":[237],"by":[239],"cannot":[242],"experienced":[250],"with":[254],"oral":[255],"contraceptives.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}