{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2444456071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ftd.0000000000000314","title":"Risk Assessment of Drug\u2013Drug Interactions of Calcineurin Inhibitors Affecting Sirolimus Pharmacokinetics in Renal Transplant Patients","display_name":"Risk Assessment of Drug\u2013Drug Interactions of Calcineurin Inhibitors Affecting Sirolimus Pharmacokinetics in Renal Transplant Patients","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2444456071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ftd.0000000000000314","mag":"2444456071","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27310200"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/ftd.0000000000000314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ftd.0000000000000314","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ftd.0000000000000314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179268941","display_name":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring","issn_l":"0163-4356","issn":["0163-4356","1536-3694"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061739010","display_name":"Chie Emoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8933-0254","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8933-0254","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1875-2222"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285204247","display_name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcyya48","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92156820","display_name":"University of Cincinnati Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02p72h367","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92156820"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chie Emoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio","Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867","https://openalex.org/I92156820"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040060343","display_name":"Alexander A. T. M. M. Vinks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4224-2967","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4224-2967"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285204247","display_name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcyya48","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92156820","display_name":"University of Cincinnati Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02p72h367","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92156820"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander A. Vinks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio","Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867","https://openalex.org/I92156820"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013881333","display_name":"Tsuyoshi Fukuda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0477-3102","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0477-3102"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285204247","display_name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcyya48","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92156820","display_name":"University of Cincinnati Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02p72h367","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92156820"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tsuyoshi Fukuda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio","Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867","https://openalex.org/I92156820"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013881333","https://openalex.org/A5040060343","https://openalex.org/A5061739010"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247","https://openalex.org/I63135867","https://openalex.org/I92156820"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4991,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64354396,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"5","first_page":"607","last_page":"613"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10373","display_name":"Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments","score":0.5044000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2747","display_name":"Transplantation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10373","display_name":"Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments","score":0.5044000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2747","display_name":"Transplantation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.4641000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10570","display_name":"Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rapamycin","display_name":"rapamycin","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcineurin-inhibitors","display_name":"calcineurin inhibitors","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclosporine","display_name":"cyclosporine","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tacrolimus","display_name":"tacrolimus","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-drug-interactions","display_name":"drug-drug interactions","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyp3a-inhibition","display_name":"CYP3A inhibition","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyp3a4","display_name":"CYP3A4","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyp3a5","display_name":"CYP3A5","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kidney-transplant-patients","display_name":"renal transplant patients","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/area-under-the-curve","display_name":"area under the curve","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-fraction","display_name":"free fraction","score":0.6389999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777921159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32089","display_name":"Sirolimus","level":2,"score":0.9134662747383118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128057223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420566","display_name":"Calcineurin","level":3,"score":0.8377537727355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909675724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411648","display_name":"Tacrolimus","level":3,"score":0.7983654737472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112705442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323936","display_name":"Pharmacokinetics","level":2,"score":0.7424415946006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.7398062944412231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109650736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424440","display_name":"CYP3A4","level":4,"score":0.6377702951431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97320921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718753","display_name":"Drug interaction","level":3,"score":0.6060385704040527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779528694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367700","display_name":"Ciclosporin","level":3,"score":0.5092357397079468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778330430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249619","display_name":"Immunosuppressive drug","level":3,"score":0.49513116478919983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780272996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261151","display_name":"Therapeutic drug monitoring","level":3,"score":0.4794122874736786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76318530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16833590","display_name":"Area under the curve","level":2,"score":0.45594844222068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.43224290013313293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780091579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9377","display_name":"Kidney","level":2,"score":0.39129894971847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.38007989525794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911091166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106419912","display_name":"Transplantation","level":2,"score":0.3291371166706085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.23241543769836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62231903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057","display_name":"Metabolism","level":2,"score":0.10567864775657654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526171541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407693","display_name":"Cytochrome P450","level":3,"score":0.07973116636276245}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004347","descriptor_name":"Drug Interactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007166","descriptor_name":"Immunosuppressive Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008861","descriptor_name":"Microsomes","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008861","descriptor_name":"Microsomes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008862","descriptor_name":"Microsomes, Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008862","descriptor_name":"Microsomes, Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016030","descriptor_name":"Kidney Transplantation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016559","descriptor_name":"Tacrolimus","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016572","descriptor_name":"Cyclosporine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020123","descriptor_name":"Sirolimus","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051544","descriptor_name":"Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065692","descriptor_name":"Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066298","descriptor_name":"In Vitro Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/ftd.0000000000000314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ftd.0000000000000314","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ftd.0000000000000314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179268941","display_name":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring","issn_l":"0163-4356","issn":["0163-4356","1536-3694"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27310200","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27310200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Therapeutic drug monitoring","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9907000064849854}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14779392","https://openalex.org/W63350312","https://openalex.org/W1579056401","https://openalex.org/W1888832531","https://openalex.org/W1968101595","https://openalex.org/W1976350400","https://openalex.org/W1976541069","https://openalex.org/W1980612293","https://openalex.org/W1986998937","https://openalex.org/W2007052092","https://openalex.org/W2012512817","https://openalex.org/W2025752875","https://openalex.org/W2036016293","https://openalex.org/W2041625337","https://openalex.org/W2047114489","https://openalex.org/W2058457662","https://openalex.org/W2061550128","https://openalex.org/W2068517364","https://openalex.org/W2069002111","https://openalex.org/W2070538463","https://openalex.org/W2076798861","https://openalex.org/W2083259177","https://openalex.org/W2096483010","https://openalex.org/W2099937170","https://openalex.org/W2106614142","https://openalex.org/W2107001433","https://openalex.org/W2124945212","https://openalex.org/W2126431533","https://openalex.org/W2142573506","https://openalex.org/W2144465276","https://openalex.org/W2152796502","https://openalex.org/W2157421942","https://openalex.org/W2164113828","https://openalex.org/W2169645758","https://openalex.org/W2570459806"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991910828","https://openalex.org/W2149306569","https://openalex.org/W1970389466","https://openalex.org/W2094751585","https://openalex.org/W1986782670","https://openalex.org/W1972972161","https://openalex.org/W2075421237","https://openalex.org/W2903395490","https://openalex.org/W2051100944","https://openalex.org/W2030891428"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Sirolimus":[1,85,200],"is":[2,10],"a":[3,55,115,205,265],"mammalian":[4],"target":[5],"of":[6,44,83,103,127,179,184,213,223,248,256],"rapamycin":[7],"inhibitor":[8],"that":[9,235,262],"being":[11],"used":[12],"to":[13,61,191,204,207,244,252],"prevent":[14],"organ":[15],"rejection":[16],"in":[17,22,78,101,105,119,139,177,197,225,239,277],"kidney":[18,226,278],"transplant":[19,227,279],"patients":[20],"often":[21],"combination":[23],"with":[24,68,275],"calcineurin":[25],"inhibitors":[26],"(CNIs;":[27],"cyclosporine":[28,45,185,249,276],"and":[29,75,81,123,142,170,221],"tacrolimus).":[30],"All":[31],"3":[32],"drugs":[33],"are":[34,54],"metabolized":[35],"primarily":[36],"by":[37,89,114],"CYP3As.":[38],"Clinical":[39],"drug-drug":[40],"interaction":[41],"(DDI)":[42],"studies":[43],"on":[46,136,216],"sirolimus":[47,69,106,137,180,240,272],"pharmacokinetics":[48,273],"have":[49],"been":[50],"reported;":[51],"however,":[52],"there":[53],"few":[56],"clinical":[57,194,267],"DDI":[58,99,268],"data":[59,122,195],"related":[60],"tacrolimus.":[62,257],"METHODS:":[63],"In":[64,229],"vitro":[65,120],"inhibition":[66,121,165],"assay":[67],"were":[70,87],"conducted":[71],"using":[72,118],"recombinant":[73],"CYP3As":[74],"human":[76,140],"microsomes":[77],"the":[79,109,182,192,211,217,236,245,253],"presence":[80],"absence":[82],"CNIs.":[84,128],"concentrations":[86],"determined":[88],"validated":[90],"high-performance":[91],"liquid":[92],"chromatography-tandem":[93],"mass":[94],"spectrometry":[95],"(LC/MS-MS)":[96],"assay.":[97],"The":[98,174],"risk":[100,269],"terms":[102],"increase":[104,176,209,238],"area":[107],"under":[108],"curve":[110],"(AUC)":[111],"was":[112,186,189,202,242],"evaluated":[113],"mechanistic":[116],"model":[117],"published":[124],"pharmacokinetic":[125],"parameters":[126],"RESULTS:":[129],"Both":[130],"CNIs":[131],"showed":[132,163],"similar":[133,164],"inhibitory":[134,151],"effects":[135],"metabolism":[138],"liver":[141],"intestinal":[143],"microsomes.":[144],"Cyclosporine":[145],"predominantly":[146],"inhibited":[147],"CYP3A4":[148,167],"(half":[149],"maximal":[150],"concentration":[152],"=":[153],"0.71":[154],"\u00b5M)":[155,169],"rather":[156],"than":[157],"CYP3A5":[158,171],"(>5":[159],"\u00b5M),":[160],"whereas":[161],"tacrolimus":[162,224,263],"for":[166],"(0.29":[168],"(0.41":[172],"\u00b5M).":[173],"predicted":[175,237],"AUC":[178,201,241],"during":[181,210],"coadministration":[183,212],"3.9-fold,":[187],"which":[188],"comparable":[190],"observed":[193],"(3.3-fold)":[196],"healthy":[198],"volunteers.":[199],"estimated":[203],"2.8-":[206],"3.2-fold":[208],"tacrolimus,":[214],"based":[215],"reported":[218],"Cmax":[219],"values":[220],"doses":[222],"patients.":[228,280],"addition,":[230],"exploratory":[231],"sensitivity":[232],"analysis":[233],"indicated":[234],"sensitive":[243],"free":[246,254],"fraction":[247,255],"but":[250],"not":[251],"CONCLUSIONS:":[258],"This":[259],"study":[260],"suggests":[261],"has":[264],"lower":[266],"potential":[270],"affecting":[271],"compared":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}