{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2441267478","doi":null,"title":"Investigation and interpretation of large mass spectrometry imaging datasets","display_name":"Investigation and interpretation of large mass spectrometry imaging datasets","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2441267478","mag":"2441267478"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.bham.ac.uk:6718","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/6718/1/Race16PhD.pdf","pdf_url":"http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/6718/1/Race16PhD.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402357","display_name":"University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/6718/1/Race16PhD.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alan Race","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8996-2641","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8996-2641"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alan Race","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8996-2641","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10683","display_name":"Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10683","display_name":"Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10836","display_name":"Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies","score":0.010099999606609344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-spectrometry-imaging","display_name":"mass spectrometry imaging","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-preprocessing","display_name":"spectral preprocessing","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-analysis","display_name":"multivariate analysis","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"principal component analysis","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-visualization","display_name":"image visualization","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ion-images","display_name":"ion images","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traumatic-brain-injury","display_name":"traumatic brain injury","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-platform","display_name":"software platform","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-imaging","display_name":"lipid imaging","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-imaging","display_name":"protein imaging","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolite-imaging","display_name":"metabolite imaging","score":0.6129999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.7194477319717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.7071898579597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24066741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3796564","display_name":"Mass spectrometry imaging","level":3,"score":0.6856547594070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6617504358291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5824970602989197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.5714104771614075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.553736686706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5171391367912292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.503250777721405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4459533989429474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.41472429037094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162356407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180809","display_name":"Mass spectrometry","level":2,"score":0.2810734808444977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.22128069400787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.14178776741027832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.bham.ac.uk:6718","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/6718/1/Race16PhD.pdf","pdf_url":"http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/6718/1/Race16PhD.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402357","display_name":"University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2441267478","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/6718/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.bham.ac.uk:6718","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/6718/1/Race16PhD.pdf","pdf_url":"http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/6718/1/Race16PhD.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402357","display_name":"University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.46810001134872437}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2441267478.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2441267478.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":160,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545513697","https://openalex.org/W1583482988","https://openalex.org/W1599833391","https://openalex.org/W1608430727","https://openalex.org/W1651093245","https://openalex.org/W1823329909","https://openalex.org/W1840399855","https://openalex.org/W1850362668","https://openalex.org/W1964801456","https://openalex.org/W1965949837","https://openalex.org/W1968044788","https://openalex.org/W1968280571","https://openalex.org/W1968863791","https://openalex.org/W1969136219","https://openalex.org/W1969364437","https://openalex.org/W1969421935","https://openalex.org/W1969472315","https://openalex.org/W1971008317","https://openalex.org/W1971480830","https://openalex.org/W1971626294","https://openalex.org/W1974681473","https://openalex.org/W1977290961","https://openalex.org/W1977341480","https://openalex.org/W1978101100","https://openalex.org/W1980673947","https://openalex.org/W1981211088","https://openalex.org/W1981395890","https://openalex.org/W1984776370","https://openalex.org/W1986464856","https://openalex.org/W1986693684","https://openalex.org/W1993892455","https://openalex.org/W1996912689","https://openalex.org/W1997412667","https://openalex.org/W1999361613","https://openalex.org/W2000417194","https://openalex.org/W2004182152","https://openalex.org/W2006891306","https://openalex.org/W2007179004","https://openalex.org/W2007498119","https://openalex.org/W2008335449","https://openalex.org/W2013663489","https://openalex.org/W2013686552","https://openalex.org/W2013916493","https://openalex.org/W2016313425","https://openalex.org/W2016657862","https://openalex.org/W2018412008","https://openalex.org/W2019147148","https://openalex.org/W2019571295","https://openalex.org/W2019653335","https://openalex.org/W2021275596","https://openalex.org/W2021699171","https://openalex.org/W2021945130","https://openalex.org/W2027221091","https://openalex.org/W2028421926","https://openalex.org/W2030370751","https://openalex.org/W2031530259","https://openalex.org/W2031843365","https://openalex.org/W2034369163","https://openalex.org/W2035037712","https://openalex.org/W2037347562","https://openalex.org/W2037839122","https://openalex.org/W2038709837","https://openalex.org/W2038856295","https://openalex.org/W2041640316","https://openalex.org/W2042850156","https://openalex.org/W2043224118","https://openalex.org/W2046361893","https://openalex.org/W2046882226","https://openalex.org/W2047127389","https://openalex.org/W2048269418","https://openalex.org/W2048377200","https://openalex.org/W2050215687","https://openalex.org/W2050960409","https://openalex.org/W2052019297","https://openalex.org/W2052831450","https://openalex.org/W2053190232","https://openalex.org/W2053800188","https://openalex.org/W2054014227","https://openalex.org/W2054792262","https://openalex.org/W2055974891","https://openalex.org/W2058548939","https://openalex.org/W2063174411","https://openalex.org/W2063448554","https://openalex.org/W2063594612","https://openalex.org/W2065213535","https://openalex.org/W2067389447","https://openalex.org/W2067568740","https://openalex.org/W2067724039","https://openalex.org/W2069637270","https://openalex.org/W2071481652","https://openalex.org/W2072645055","https://openalex.org/W2073296628","https://openalex.org/W2075622041","https://openalex.org/W2078519269","https://openalex.org/W2080293390","https://openalex.org/W2080683482","https://openalex.org/W2081190610","https://openalex.org/W2081750676","https://openalex.org/W2083868208","https://openalex.org/W2086110133","https://openalex.org/W2086154926","https://openalex.org/W2086502504","https://openalex.org/W2086557185","https://openalex.org/W2087382437","https://openalex.org/W2088762162","https://openalex.org/W2089105930","https://openalex.org/W2090448680","https://openalex.org/W2092352381","https://openalex.org/W2098602667","https://openalex.org/W2102860297","https://openalex.org/W2105509337","https://openalex.org/W2105555292","https://openalex.org/W2105812312","https://openalex.org/W2106989743","https://openalex.org/W2112523116","https://openalex.org/W2113153354","https://openalex.org/W2113664803","https://openalex.org/W2119138987","https://openalex.org/W2119148724","https://openalex.org/W2120343340","https://openalex.org/W2121740193","https://openalex.org/W2121842228","https://openalex.org/W2121847583","https://openalex.org/W2122765504","https://openalex.org/W2123989476","https://openalex.org/W2125108114","https://openalex.org/W2127229869","https://openalex.org/W2128748524","https://openalex.org/W2130676293","https://openalex.org/W2134003086","https://openalex.org/W2134287207","https://openalex.org/W2136953502","https://openalex.org/W2141201928","https://openalex.org/W2141403362","https://openalex.org/W2142356139","https://openalex.org/W2142372384","https://openalex.org/W2143501283","https://openalex.org/W2144713863","https://openalex.org/W2145191135","https://openalex.org/W2145743319","https://openalex.org/W2146346313","https://openalex.org/W2146769004","https://openalex.org/W2147214095","https://openalex.org/W2150155174","https://openalex.org/W2150969685","https://openalex.org/W2153475143","https://openalex.org/W2154136462","https://openalex.org/W2158257117","https://openalex.org/W2159266102","https://openalex.org/W2163809936","https://openalex.org/W2165041849","https://openalex.org/W2165553407","https://openalex.org/W2165907945","https://openalex.org/W2167279371","https://openalex.org/W2168231280","https://openalex.org/W2169608631","https://openalex.org/W2169753524","https://openalex.org/W2171964619","https://openalex.org/W2315054001","https://openalex.org/W2413469520"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7001333107","https://openalex.org/W3116981069","https://openalex.org/W2027221091","https://openalex.org/W7223159574","https://openalex.org/W7010492406","https://openalex.org/W4403820415","https://openalex.org/W7204261474","https://openalex.org/W2280196157","https://openalex.org/W206196758","https://openalex.org/W2561045520"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mass":[0],"spectrometry":[1],"imaging":[2,150],"(MSI)":[3],"enables":[4],"two-":[5],"and":[6,19,44,91,190,207,228],"three-dimensional":[7],"overviews":[8],"of":[9,11,46,67,72,89,94,111,117,126,138,184,209,225],"hundreds":[10],"unlabelled":[12],"molecular":[13],"species":[14],"including":[15],"drugs,":[16],"metabolites,":[17],"lipids":[18],"proteins":[20],"in":[21,63,81,133,148,174,179,244],"complex":[22],"samples":[23],"such":[24,213],"as":[25,122,214],"intact":[26],"tissue.":[27],"In":[28,98],"this":[29,99,175],"research,":[30],"a":[31,84,101,156,200],"new":[32,102,180],"extensible":[33],"software":[34,189],"platform":[35],"is":[36,113,144],"presented,":[37],"suitable":[38],"for":[39,182],"spectral":[40],"preprocessing,":[41],"multivariate":[42,210],"analysis":[43,57,211],"visualisation":[45],"large":[47],"MSI":[48,53,68,142,197],"datasets":[49],"from":[50,199],"all":[51],"major":[52],"vendors.":[54],"\\nPrincipal":[55],"component":[56],"(PCA)":[58],"has":[59,105,119,177],"been":[60,120],"widely":[61],"used":[62,194],"the":[64,75,87,92,109,128,160,188,222,226,229,233,245],"unsupervised":[65],"processing":[66],"data.":[69],"Standard":[70],"implementations":[71],"PCA":[73,215],"require":[74],"entire":[76],"dataset":[77],"to":[78,96,141,168,195],"be":[79],"stored":[80],"memory,":[82],"necessitating":[83],"compromise":[85],"between":[86,221],"number":[88,93,110],"pixels":[90,112],"peaks":[95],"include.":[97],"research":[100,172],"method":[103,125],"which":[104,149,241],"no":[106],"limitation":[107],"on":[108,159],"developed.":[114],"Hierarchical":[115],"composition":[116,235],"data":[118,143,151,198],"shown":[121],"an":[123],"efficient":[124],"capturing":[127],"information":[129],"present":[130],"within":[131],"images":[132,240],"other":[134],"fields.":[135],"An":[136],"adaptation":[137],"these":[139],"ideas":[140],"described.":[145],"The":[146,171],"way":[147],"are":[152],"presented":[153,173,192],"can":[154],"have":[155],"significant":[157],"impact":[158],"perceived":[161],"structure,":[162],"especially":[163],"when":[164],"using":[165],"false":[166],"colour":[167],"display":[169],"images.":[170,186],"thesis":[176],"resulted":[178],"recommendations":[181],"presentation":[183],"MS":[185],"Finally,":[187],"algorithms":[191,236],"were":[193],"analyse":[196],"traumatic":[201],"brain":[202,227],"injury":[203],"model.":[204],"Manual":[205],"exploration":[206],"use":[208],"methods":[212],"did":[216],"not":[217],"reveal":[218],"any":[219],"differences":[220],"injured":[223,246],"hemisphere":[224],"control":[230],"hemisphere,":[231],"however":[232],"hierarchical":[234],"identified":[237],"multiple":[238],"ion":[239],"appear":[242],"elevated":[243],"hemisphere.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}