{"id":"https://openalex.org/W24405367","doi":null,"title":"DETERMINATION OF DEPARTURES FROM LOCAL THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM IN ARC PLASMAS.","display_name":"DETERMINATION OF DEPARTURES FROM LOCAL THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM IN ARC PLASMAS.","publication_year":1967,"publication_date":"1967-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W24405367","mag":"24405367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:AD0655934","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&amp;verb=getRecord&amp;metadataPrefix=html&amp;identifier=AD0655934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923043","display_name":"Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"DTIC AND NTIS","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020617719","display_name":"H. N. Olsen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olsen,H. N.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001427133","display_name":"G. Bedjai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bedjai,G.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Martindill,R. E.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martindill,R. E.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00712881,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12077","display_name":"Vacuum and Plasma Arcs","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12077","display_name":"Vacuum and Plasma Arcs","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10781","display_name":"Low-Pressure Plasma Processing and Diagnostics","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11854","display_name":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-thermodynamic-equilibrium","display_name":"local thermodynamic equilibrium","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argon-arc-plasma","display_name":"argon arc plasma","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-burning-arc","display_name":"free-burning arc","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-intensity","display_name":"line intensities","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-temperature","display_name":"electron temperature","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-particle-temperature","display_name":"heavy particle temperature","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-dependence","display_name":"pressure dependence","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transition-probabilities","display_name":"transition probabilities","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-equilibrium","display_name":"plasma equilibrium","score":0.3230000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131157278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51363","display_name":"Thermodynamic equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.8558403253555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29310469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3175122","display_name":"Thermal equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.7013732194900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.687970757484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547737533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q696","display_name":"Argon","level":2,"score":0.6335918307304382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83415579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161973","display_name":"Arc (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5634487867355347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5166407227516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.4740029275417328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.46104568243026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.448005735874176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111663737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10860570","display_name":"Equilibrium thermodynamics","level":3,"score":0.43765708804130554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12668873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230875","display_name":"Thermodynamic state","level":3,"score":0.41906648874282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.32405388355255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.312906950712204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.20687353610992432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11863452196121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.10671067237854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31555180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3523867","display_name":"Material properties","level":2,"score":0.07728460431098938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:AD0655934","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&amp;verb=getRecord&amp;metadataPrefix=html&amp;identifier=AD0655934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923043","display_name":"Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"DTIC AND NTIS","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2756065297","https://openalex.org/W2037497496","https://openalex.org/W4366114053","https://openalex.org/W23251161","https://openalex.org/W1970094029","https://openalex.org/W2091914860","https://openalex.org/W1986386090","https://openalex.org/W2026734374","https://openalex.org/W2036552152","https://openalex.org/W2030396315"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"concept":[1],"of":[2,21,25,80,100],"local":[3,52],"thermodynamic":[4],"equilibrium":[5,101],"was":[6,67],"investigated":[7],"both":[8],"theoretically":[9],"and":[10,60],"experimentally.":[11],"Equilibrium":[12],"characteristic":[13],"curves":[14],"were":[15,35,83],"constructed":[16],"from":[17],"absolute":[18],"spectral":[19],"intensities":[20],"the":[22,29,38,56,64,78,81,89,98,105],"several":[23],"species":[24],"radiation":[26],"emitted":[27],"by":[28],"free-burning":[30],"argon":[31],"arc":[32],"plasma.":[33,108],"Measurements":[34],"made":[36],"over":[37],"pressure":[39],"range":[40],"0.1":[41],"<":[42,46],"or":[43,47],"=":[44,48],"P":[45],"1.1":[49],"atm.":[50,73],"Complete":[51],"thermal":[53],"equilibrium,":[54],"in":[55,77,88,104],"sense":[57],"that":[58],"electrons":[59],"heavy":[61],"particles":[62],"have":[63],"same":[65],"temperature,":[66],"observed":[68],"for":[69],"pressures":[70],"above":[71],"0.3":[72],"Transition":[74],"probabilities":[75],"measured":[76],"course":[79],"investigation":[82],"compared":[84],"with":[85],"those":[86],"available":[87],"literature.":[90],"This":[91],"comparison":[92],"shows":[93],"disagreement":[94],"among":[95],"investigators":[96],"regarding":[97],"state":[99],"existing":[102],"even":[103],"1":[106],"atm":[107],"(Author)":[109]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}