{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2438836705","doi":null,"title":"The FDA and \"privatization\"--the drug approval process.","display_name":"The FDA and \"privatization\"--the drug approval process.","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2438836705","mag":"2438836705","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10343044"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:10343044","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10343044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Food and drug law journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083401926","display_name":"E M Rutherford","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74680897","display_name":"Procter & Gamble (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkns738","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E M Rutherford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083401926"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1505,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86651483,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"50 Spec","issue":null,"first_page":"203","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.63919997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.63919997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11649","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare","score":0.25200000405311584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2910","display_name":"Issues, ethics and legal aspects"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14396","display_name":"Healthcare Regulation","score":0.08609999716281891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-approval","display_name":"drug approval","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-and-drug-administration","display_name":"Food and Drug Administration","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privatization","display_name":"privatization","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-regulation","display_name":"drug regulation","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmaceutical-industry","display_name":"pharmaceutical industry","score":0.5189999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992293740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781752","display_name":"Drug approval","level":3,"score":0.7390271425247192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.6795181632041931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6179751753807068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5745791792869568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993777677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507443","display_name":"Drug industry","level":2,"score":0.5075353384017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.4304007887840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777494893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781752","display_name":"Approved drug","level":3,"score":0.4281635880470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2515961527824402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1732426881790161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.10212871432304382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09460130333900452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004345","descriptor_name":"Drug Industry","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007880","descriptor_name":"Legislation, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011332","descriptor_name":"Privatization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014486","descriptor_name":"United States Food and Drug Administration","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017277","descriptor_name":"Drug Approval","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018166","descriptor_name":"Health Care Reform","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:10343044","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10343044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Food and drug law journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2438836705","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10343044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2405303450","https://openalex.org/W2413616573","https://openalex.org/W2402392380","https://openalex.org/W2405184655","https://openalex.org/W2473755866","https://openalex.org/W2396316663","https://openalex.org/W2413617304","https://openalex.org/W2410088761","https://openalex.org/W2400016348","https://openalex.org/W4250822785"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
