{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2434547779","doi":null,"title":"Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in general surgical patients.","display_name":"Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in general surgical patients.","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2434547779","mag":"2434547779","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12489501"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12489501","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12489501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112203874","display_name":"Philip Vaughan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200166805","display_name":"Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/00j161312","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200166805"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153400","display_name":"King's College Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/044nptt90","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111135","https://openalex.org/I4210153400"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip Vaughan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vascular Diseases Research Group, Academic Department of Surgery, Guy's King's & St Thomas' School of Medicine, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vascular Diseases Research Group, Academic Department of Surgery, Guy's King's & St Thomas' School of Medicine, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200166805","https://openalex.org/I4210153400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113610598","display_name":"Jeremy Gardner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Gardner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042064725","display_name":"Francesca Peters","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesca Peters","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042838740","display_name":"Rosalind Wilmott","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosalind Wilmott","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1015,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8551817,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"11","first_page":"1037","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10285","display_name":"Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2724","display_name":"Internal Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10285","display_name":"Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2724","display_name":"Internal Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10881","display_name":"Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11930","display_name":"Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/venous-thromboembolism","display_name":"venous thromboembolism","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-vein-thrombosis","display_name":"deep vein thrombosis","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-surgery","display_name":"general surgery","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virchow-s-triad","display_name":"Virchow's triad","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypercoagulability","display_name":"hypercoagulability","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/venous-stasis","display_name":"venous stasis","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-factor","display_name":"tissue factor","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endothelial-injury","display_name":"endothelial injury","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operative-time","display_name":"operative time","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimally-invasive-surgery","display_name":"minimally invasive surgery","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thromboprophylaxis","display_name":"thromboprophylaxis","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-molecular-weight-heparin","display_name":"low molecular weight heparin","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-stratification","display_name":"risk stratification","score":0.6679999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9799726009368896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5710358023643494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.5220758318901062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.5168305039405823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780011451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751330","display_name":"Venous thrombosis","level":3,"score":0.5096285343170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778959117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430892","display_name":"Deep vein","level":3,"score":0.49956655502319336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780868729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q261327","display_name":"Thrombosis","level":2,"score":0.49799227714538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.4876052439212799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4508129060268402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4425638020038605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.4329037070274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3084975779056549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011183","descriptor_name":"Postoperative Complications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011248","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy Complications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020246","descriptor_name":"Venous Thrombosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020246","descriptor_name":"Venous Thrombosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12489501","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12489501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2434547779","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12489501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1862054033","https://openalex.org/W1890340838","https://openalex.org/W1976139248","https://openalex.org/W2004599468","https://openalex.org/W2010281022","https://openalex.org/W2010599049","https://openalex.org/W2013092937","https://openalex.org/W2043306284","https://openalex.org/W2179281311","https://openalex.org/W2413709436"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2419479425","https://openalex.org/W2440790163","https://openalex.org/W3041243854","https://openalex.org/W1972072323","https://openalex.org/W3137869375","https://openalex.org/W4251788987","https://openalex.org/W2288301937","https://openalex.org/W2086679628","https://openalex.org/W802521293","https://openalex.org/W2040487407"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Venous":[0],"thromboembolism":[1],"is":[2,34,63,118,271,281,297],"a":[3,96,329,334],"common":[4],"disease":[5,31],"with":[6,36,126,180],"an":[7],"annual":[8],"incidence":[9,237],"of":[10,27,38,51,54,86,100,165,171,195,200,219,228,238,253,266,328],"1":[11],"per":[12],"1,000":[13],"in":[14,41,57,68,187,224,241,289,314,333],"the":[15,52,58,84,114,127,143,169,196,217,225,229,235],"general":[16,21,42,71,188,242],"population":[17,59],"[1].":[18],"Patients":[19],"undergoing":[20,70,338],"surgery":[22,47,72,215,254,280,340],"are":[23,178],"at":[24,150],"considerable":[25],"risk":[26,98,115,122,137,153,174,261,276],"developing":[28],"venous":[29,184,320],"thromboembolic":[30,202],"[2].":[32,248],"VTE":[33,55,62,117,260,275,296],"associated":[35,179],"2%":[37],"all":[39],"deaths":[40],"surgical":[43,243],"patients":[44,69,131,244,337],"[3],":[45],"and":[46,135,206,211,251,313],"accounts":[48],"for":[49,116,341],"24.2%":[50],"cases":[53,304],"occurring":[56],"[4].":[60],"However,":[61,322],"preventable.":[64],"Randomized":[65],"controlled":[66],"studies":[67],"have":[73,256],"shown":[74,332],"that":[75,167],"chemical":[76],"prophylaxis":[77,147],"(low":[78],"molecular":[79],"weight":[80],"heparin/unfractionated":[81],"heparin)":[82],"reduces":[83],"rate":[85],"postoperative":[87],"deep":[88],"vein":[89],"thrombosis":[90],"from":[91],"25.2%":[92],"to":[93,108,129,145,158,209,234,273,299,309,316],"6.9%":[94],"[2],":[95],"relative":[97],"reduction":[99],"72%":[101],"(RR":[102],"0.28,":[103],"95%":[104],"confidence":[105],"interval":[106],"0.26":[107],"0.30;":[109],"P":[110],"<":[111],"0.001).":[112],"Since":[113],"multifactorial,":[119],"recognizing":[120],"individual":[121],"factors":[123,154,175],"provides":[124],"surgeons":[125],"opportunity":[128],"stratify":[130],"into":[132],"low,":[133],"moderate,":[134],"high":[136,236],"categories":[138],"[5].":[139],"This":[140,232],"stratification":[141],"allows":[142],"surgeon":[144],"target":[146],"towards":[148],"those":[149],"risk.":[151,203],"All":[152],"can":[155],"be":[156,193,307,326],"related":[157],"Virchow's":[159],"triad,":[160],"which":[161,222],"describes":[162],"three":[163],"groups":[164],"conditions":[166],"affect":[168],"pathophysiology":[170],"VTE.":[172],"Most":[173],"[Table":[176],"1]":[177],"either":[181],"hypercoagulability":[182],"or":[183],"stasis;":[185],"however":[186],"surgery,":[189,295],"vessel":[190],"damage":[191,292],"may":[192,306,325],"one":[194],"most":[197],"important":[198],"causes":[199],"increased":[201,310],"Surgical":[204],"procedure":[205],"technique":[207],"Damage":[208],"muscle":[210],"vascular":[212],"endothelium":[213],"during":[214],"stimulates":[216],"release":[218],"tissue":[220,291],"factor,":[221],"results":[223,288],"local":[226],"activation":[227,324],"coagulation":[230],"cascade.":[231],"contributes":[233],"DVT":[239],"(25%)":[240],"not":[245],"receiving":[246],"thromboprophylaxis":[247],"The":[249],"duration":[250],"type":[252],"also":[255],"well-established":[257],"influences":[258],"on":[259,336],"[6,7].":[262],"An":[263],"operative":[264],"time":[265],"more":[267],"than":[268,293],"45":[269],"minutes":[270],"thought":[272],"increase":[274],"[8].":[277],"Minimally":[278],"invasive":[279],"now":[282],"used":[283],"extensively,":[284],"but":[285],"although":[286],"it":[287],"less":[290,327],"open":[294],"known":[298],"occur":[300],"[9,10].":[301],"In":[302],"some":[303],"this":[305],"due":[308],"operation":[311],"times,":[312],"others":[315],"abdominal":[317],"sufflation":[318],"causing":[319],"compression.":[321],"clotting":[323],"problem,":[330],"as":[331],"study":[335],"laparoscopic":[339],"cholecystectomy":[342],"[11].":[343]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}