{"id":"https://openalex.org/W24331285","doi":null,"title":"Memory performance and mild cognitive impairment in Black and White community elders.","display_name":"Memory performance and mild cognitive impairment in Black and White community elders.","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W24331285","mag":"24331285","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17682374","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6462141"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:17682374","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17682374","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethnicity & disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6462141","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059874922","display_name":"Graham J. McDougall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8061-2901","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8061-2901"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Graham J McDougall","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78701, USA. gmcdougall@mail.nur.utexas.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78701, USA. gmcdougall@mail.nur.utexas.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112707311","display_name":"Phillip W. Vaughan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phillip W Vaughan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080080899","display_name":"Taylor W. Acee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5365-8549","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5365-8549"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taylor W Acee","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013933467","display_name":"Heather Becker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4055-7757","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4055-7757"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heather Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6842,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6936321,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"381","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13077","display_name":"Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13471","display_name":"Cognitive Functions and Memory","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-performance","display_name":"memory performance","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mild-cognitive-impairment","display_name":"mild cognitive impairment","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-differences","display_name":"racial differences","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-americans","display_name":"African Americans","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-as-predictor","display_name":"age as predictor","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-impairment","display_name":"memory impairment","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-decline","display_name":"cognitive decline","score":0.800000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5665415525436401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018842126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11072","display_name":"Memory impairment","level":3,"score":0.5519952178001404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5424171090126038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185711340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5347381","display_name":"Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance","level":3,"score":0.5079429745674133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64341305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4919225","display_name":"Bivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.4888584017753601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.48360127210617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.47588956356048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.4478234350681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.42686957120895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984915365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141203","display_name":"Cognitive impairment","level":3,"score":0.42025822401046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4131041467189789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3704560399055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.35239678621292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.26264938712120056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003704","descriptor_name":"Dementia","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008569","descriptor_name":"Memory Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:17682374","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17682374","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethnicity & disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5451421","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6462141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6462141","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6462141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ethn Dis","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.508.6876","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.508.6876","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ishib.org/ed/journal/17-2s2/ethn-17-02-381.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5451421","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6462141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6832828832","display_name":"IMPROVING EVERYDAY MEMORY IN AT RISK ELDERLY","funder_award_id":"R01AG015384","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38490725","https://openalex.org/W107817608","https://openalex.org/W146699830","https://openalex.org/W201684605","https://openalex.org/W1565296545","https://openalex.org/W1847168837","https://openalex.org/W1910065219","https://openalex.org/W1965187662","https://openalex.org/W1970556755","https://openalex.org/W1970679043","https://openalex.org/W1975352837","https://openalex.org/W1983185375","https://openalex.org/W1984283611","https://openalex.org/W1986250708","https://openalex.org/W1990379224","https://openalex.org/W1997860957","https://openalex.org/W1999479395","https://openalex.org/W2002447740","https://openalex.org/W2003982930","https://openalex.org/W2008854521","https://openalex.org/W2011063558","https://openalex.org/W2011334124","https://openalex.org/W2011468056","https://openalex.org/W2012240530","https://openalex.org/W2013893908","https://openalex.org/W2021533188","https://openalex.org/W2023198830","https://openalex.org/W2025290060","https://openalex.org/W2028656798","https://openalex.org/W2038499657","https://openalex.org/W2039664444","https://openalex.org/W2041985595","https://openalex.org/W2042609011","https://openalex.org/W2043472926","https://openalex.org/W2048334414","https://openalex.org/W2055649795","https://openalex.org/W2063805543","https://openalex.org/W2066830150","https://openalex.org/W2070562965","https://openalex.org/W2072856405","https://openalex.org/W2073923551","https://openalex.org/W2076666184","https://openalex.org/W2078112703","https://openalex.org/W2079136224","https://openalex.org/W2079188008","https://openalex.org/W2082188070","https://openalex.org/W2092129469","https://openalex.org/W2113708991","https://openalex.org/W2120553949","https://openalex.org/W2123151423","https://openalex.org/W2126051931","https://openalex.org/W2129347532","https://openalex.org/W2132365933","https://openalex.org/W2134336290","https://openalex.org/W2148080316","https://openalex.org/W2154569902","https://openalex.org/W2155126658","https://openalex.org/W2157812646","https://openalex.org/W2167311298","https://openalex.org/W2169834923","https://openalex.org/W2214828363"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100024064","https://openalex.org/W2117614446","https://openalex.org/W4205209012","https://openalex.org/W2092353178","https://openalex.org/W2012240530","https://openalex.org/W4410194262","https://openalex.org/W2967950322","https://openalex.org/W2886913325","https://openalex.org/W2129347532","https://openalex.org/W4406218537"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Deficits":[1],"in":[2,66,169,198,223,234,247],"memory":[3,29,36,39,117,134,164,170,196,210],"performance":[4,37,197],"are":[5],"often":[6],"nonspecific":[7],"predictors":[8,194],"of":[9,17,62,94,125,150,155,179,195,225,239,244,255],"cognitive":[10,19,76],"decline":[11],"and":[12,31,54,71,82,85,98,116,127,148,153,188,209,242],"may":[13],"portend":[14],"a":[15,41,145,216,253],"diagnosis":[16,254],"mild":[18],"impairment":[20],"(MCI).":[21],"OBJECTIVE:":[22],"We":[23],"examined":[24],"age,":[25,63],"depression,":[26,126,207],"education,":[27,206],"gender,":[28,208],"complaints,":[30],"race":[32,189,214],"as":[33,143,160],"related":[34],"to":[35,103,122,131],"because":[38],"is":[40,47,219],"fundamental":[42],"criterion":[43],"from":[44],"which":[45],"MCI":[46],"evaluated.":[48],"METHODS:":[49],"The":[50,91],"study":[51],"recruited":[52],"Black":[53],"White":[55,105],"adults,":[56],">":[57],"or":[58,162],"=":[59],"70":[60],"years":[61],"who":[64],"lived":[65],"the":[67,137,151,156,175,180,191,199,230,240,245],"community,":[68],"spoke":[69],"English,":[70],"were":[72,88,119,128,141,158,190],"screened":[73],"for":[74,205,252],"no":[75,167],"impairment.":[77],"Bivariate":[78],"analyses":[79],"(t":[80],"tests":[81],"Pearson":[83],"correlations)":[84],"multiple":[86,200],"regressions":[87],"performed.":[89],"RESULTS:":[90],"sample":[92,139,181,249],"consisted":[93],"89":[95],"African":[96],"Americans":[97],"83":[99],"Caucasian":[100],"Americans.":[101],"Compared":[102],"their":[104],"counterparts,":[106],"Blacks":[107,157,241],"had":[108,112],"lower":[109,113],"educational":[110],"attainment,":[111],"baseline":[114],"cognition":[115],"performance,":[118],"more":[120,129],"likely":[121,130],"report":[123],"symptoms":[124],"have":[132],"impaired":[133],"performance.":[135],"In":[136],"overall":[138],"52%":[140],"classified":[142,159],"having":[144],"poor":[146],"memory,":[147],"25%":[149],"Caucasians":[152,246],"44%":[154,238],"moderately":[161],"severely":[163],"impaired;":[165],"however":[166],"difference":[168],"complaints":[171],"was":[172],"observed":[173],"between":[174],"groups.":[176],"Sixteen":[177],"percent":[178],"reported":[182],"clinically":[183],"significant":[184,193],"depressive":[185],"symptoms.":[186],"Age":[187],"statistically":[192],"regression":[201],"analysis,":[202],"even":[203],"accounting":[204],"complaints.":[211],"CONCLUSIONS:":[212],"Why":[213],"remains":[215],"unique":[217],"predictor":[218],"an":[220],"unresolved":[221],"issue":[222],"need":[224],"future":[226],"research.":[227],"Finally,":[228],"using":[229],"three":[231],"criteria":[232],"available":[233],"this":[235,248],"data":[236],"set,":[237],"35%":[243],"would":[250],"qualify":[251],"MCI.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
