{"id":"https://openalex.org/W243299190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ada532415","title":"Challenges for Engineering Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Infrastructure in Afghanistan","display_name":"Challenges for Engineering Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Infrastructure in Afghanistan","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W243299190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ada532415","mag":"243299190"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21236/ada532415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ada532415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.21236/ada532415","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"US Dept of the Army","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041383666","display_name":"Rosa T. Affleck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4865-8560","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4865-8560"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosa T. Affleck","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103573742","display_name":"Reed B. Freeman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reed Freeman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13031","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering Research","score":0.7616999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13031","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering Research","score":0.7616999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12550","display_name":"Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East","score":0.10779999941587448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10395","display_name":"Construction Project Management and Performance","score":0.038100000470876694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrastructure-reconstruction","display_name":"infrastructure reconstruction","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-conflict-reconstruction","display_name":"post-conflict reconstruction","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/afghanistan","display_name":"Afghanistan","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-design-standards","display_name":"engineering design standards","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construction-standards","display_name":"construction standards","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrastructure-maintenance","display_name":"infrastructure maintenance","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-infrastructure","display_name":"sustainable infrastructure","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-sustainability","display_name":"cultural sustainability","score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-service-life","display_name":"long service life","score":0.578000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107053488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2674423","display_name":"Construction engineering","level":1,"score":0.5314211845397949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4357066750526428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3643726110458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34221768379211426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.3380395770072937}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21236/ada532415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ada532415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.21236/ada532415","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"US Dept of the Army","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:erdc-library.erdc.dren.mil:11681/11815","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11681/11815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402652","display_name":"US Army Corps of Engineers: Engineer Research and Development Center (Knowledge Core)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"This Digital Resource was created in Microsoft Word and Adobe Acrobat","raw_type":"DOCUMENT"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"score":0.5217000246047974,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W255195719","https://openalex.org/W2599320221","https://openalex.org/W7127860227","https://openalex.org/W13488583","https://openalex.org/W2083984892","https://openalex.org/W2072859914","https://openalex.org/W1931451285","https://openalex.org/W2615337062","https://openalex.org/W6922457757","https://openalex.org/W1843889656"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],":":[1],"Western":[2],"nations,":[3],"particularly":[4],"the":[5,11,48,52,69,131,166,213,230,243],"United":[6,54],"States,":[7],"may":[8,84],"not":[9,26],"have":[10,27],"most":[12,185],"applicable":[13],"construction":[14,32,45,76,82,108,124],"techniques":[15],"for":[16,23,89,204],"rebuilding":[17],"infrastructure":[18,177,241],"in":[19,41,66,110,160,179],"other":[20,62,240],"countries.":[21],"Afghanistan,":[22],"example,":[24],"does":[25],"well-documented":[28],"engineering":[29,105],"design":[30,106,214],"and":[31,37,80,97,107,123,133,148,155,164,170,189,200,216,239,250],"standards.":[33,77],"The":[34,174],"U.S.":[35,49,79,104],"forces":[36],"Government":[38],"agencies":[39],"arrived":[40,65],"Afghanistan":[42,67],"anticipating":[43],"that":[44,116,242],"funded":[46],"by":[47],"would":[50],"meet":[51,102],"Continental":[53],"States":[55],"(CONUS)":[56],"level":[57],"of":[58,71,120,128,130,137,139,145,176,212,229,248],"standard":[59],"practice.":[60],"Similarly,":[61],"well-developed":[63],"countries":[64,181],"with":[68],"intention":[70],"using":[72],"their":[73,172],"country's":[74],"adopted":[75],"Both":[78],"international":[81],"standards":[83,109],"appear":[85],"logical":[86],"to":[87,101,114,221],"use":[88],"this":[90],"purpose.":[91],"However,":[92],"it":[93],"is":[94,158,194,246],"often":[95],"difficult,":[96],"many":[98],"times":[99],"impossible,":[100],"traditional":[103],"post-conflict":[111,180],"areas":[112],"owing":[113],"limitations":[115],"include:":[117],"a":[118,126,135,143,210],"scarcity":[119],"high-quality":[121],"materials":[122],"equipment,":[125],"lack":[127,136,144],"understanding":[129],"terrain":[132],"environment,":[134],"awareness":[138],"available":[140],"local":[141],"skills,":[142],"skilled":[146],"labor,":[147],"poor":[149],"socio-economic":[150],"conditions.":[151],"A":[152],"more":[153],"deliberate":[154],"holistic":[156],"approach":[157],"needed":[159],"which":[161],"we":[162],"consider":[163],"integrate":[165],"host":[167,244],"nation's":[168],"capabilities":[169],"understand":[171],"limitations.":[173],"majority":[175],"projects":[178],"are":[182],"mission-specific.":[183],"In":[184],"cases,":[186],"once":[187],"constructed":[188],"operational,":[190],"very":[191],"little":[192],"emphasis":[193],"given":[195],"addressing":[196],"maintenance":[197,205],"is-sues.":[198],"Site-specific":[199],"culturally":[201],"sustainable":[202],"guidance":[203],"must":[206],"be":[207],"implemented":[208],"as":[209],"part":[211],"process":[215],"incorporated":[217],"into":[218],"training":[219],"programs":[220],"ensure":[222],"sustainable,":[223],"long-term":[224],"performance":[225],"or":[226],"service":[227],"life":[228],"infrastructure.":[231],"This":[232],"ensures":[233],"leaving":[234],"behind":[235],"transportation,":[236],"buildings,":[237],"water,":[238],"country":[245],"capable":[247],"managing":[249],"maintaining.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T13:04:00.132906","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
