{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2432836008","doi":null,"title":"Modeling Heterogeneity in Duration Models","display_name":"Modeling Heterogeneity in Duration Models","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2432836008","mag":"2432836008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2432836008","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://polmeth.wustl.edu/files/polmeth/boxst99c.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007133348","display_name":"Janet M. Box\u2010Steffensmeier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-6269","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-6269"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Janet M. Box\u2010Steffensmeier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-6269","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007133348"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.147,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92597202,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13721","display_name":"Political Science Research and Education","score":0.2362000048160553,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13721","display_name":"Political Science Research and Education","score":0.2362000048160553,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10968","display_name":"Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications","score":0.1753000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.16609999537467957,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneity","display_name":"heterogeneity","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duration-models","display_name":"duration models","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event-history-models","display_name":"event history models","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cure-models","display_name":"cure models","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-distributions","display_name":"mixture distributions","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-action-committees","display_name":"political action committees","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allocation-decisions","display_name":"allocation decisions","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frailty-models","display_name":"frailty models","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survival-data","display_name":"survival data","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-conflict","display_name":"international conflict","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeated-events","display_name":"repeated events","score":0.6420000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.697831392288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780695315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3799040","display_name":"Unobservable","level":2,"score":0.5957406163215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.581075131893158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112758219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16038819","display_name":"Duration (music)","level":2,"score":0.5628495812416077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5564450025558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5333355069160461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.4873960614204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4405266046524048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168743327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1826427","display_name":"Random effects model","level":3,"score":0.4379028379917145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33114746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4672282","display_name":"Accelerated failure time model","level":3,"score":0.4135030508041382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119043178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723","display_name":"Covariate","level":2,"score":0.3678244948387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31493133306503296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2712768018245697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22693485021591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.1329786479473114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10099154710769653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2432836008","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://polmeth.wustl.edu/files/polmeth/boxst99c.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21284273","https://openalex.org/W122741503","https://openalex.org/W147552118","https://openalex.org/W155059922","https://openalex.org/W1521138020","https://openalex.org/W1542521643","https://openalex.org/W1579951636","https://openalex.org/W1964825543","https://openalex.org/W1966947316","https://openalex.org/W1969094789","https://openalex.org/W1971199485","https://openalex.org/W1973872091","https://openalex.org/W1974417266","https://openalex.org/W1976569770","https://openalex.org/W1978358551","https://openalex.org/W1978795821","https://openalex.org/W1985390432","https://openalex.org/W1986705681","https://openalex.org/W1987673617","https://openalex.org/W1988008794","https://openalex.org/W1993092973","https://openalex.org/W1995269876","https://openalex.org/W2008331325","https://openalex.org/W2008963071","https://openalex.org/W2012658469","https://openalex.org/W2012668456","https://openalex.org/W2013654057","https://openalex.org/W2018623530","https://openalex.org/W2020723658","https://openalex.org/W2023160676","https://openalex.org/W2030769837","https://openalex.org/W2035957613","https://openalex.org/W2037939893","https://openalex.org/W2040906888","https://openalex.org/W2045796885","https://openalex.org/W2053779301","https://openalex.org/W2056124784","https://openalex.org/W2059989630","https://openalex.org/W2061893665","https://openalex.org/W2061918355","https://openalex.org/W2062377441","https://openalex.org/W2062637647","https://openalex.org/W2067873730","https://openalex.org/W2068597717","https://openalex.org/W2076313071","https://openalex.org/W2076335005","https://openalex.org/W2076610368","https://openalex.org/W2083620364","https://openalex.org/W2084812346","https://openalex.org/W2089998734","https://openalex.org/W2092648747","https://openalex.org/W2092660489","https://openalex.org/W2093819636","https://openalex.org/W2101819586","https://openalex.org/W2102859988","https://openalex.org/W2104694481","https://openalex.org/W2106842153","https://openalex.org/W2119518147","https://openalex.org/W2122289167","https://openalex.org/W2129530396","https://openalex.org/W2131648886","https://openalex.org/W2145816995","https://openalex.org/W2147770946","https://openalex.org/W2149860264","https://openalex.org/W2163790854","https://openalex.org/W2166099399","https://openalex.org/W2170813439","https://openalex.org/W2171153602","https://openalex.org/W2183631831","https://openalex.org/W2195672696","https://openalex.org/W2319036195","https://openalex.org/W2330888842","https://openalex.org/W2499495101","https://openalex.org/W2503288966","https://openalex.org/W2512210062","https://openalex.org/W2797458901","https://openalex.org/W2802153631","https://openalex.org/W2905118658"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W977138115","https://openalex.org/W7097643564","https://openalex.org/W1992278394","https://openalex.org/W7037935973","https://openalex.org/W26115980","https://openalex.org/W7095553085","https://openalex.org/W1603424854","https://openalex.org/W7038206979","https://openalex.org/W2312269111","https://openalex.org/W2018623530"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"increasing":[1],"numbers":[2],"of":[3,21,24,42,51,66,75,86,100,103,112,130,143,159,169,176,200,211,234,251,259,276,285,290,303,319],"political":[4,131,294,308],"scientists":[5],"have":[6],"turned":[7],"to":[8,12,123,146,154,203,238,306],"event":[9,85,106,279],"history":[10,280],"models":[11,142,170,183,235,264,281],"analyze":[13],"duration":[14,44,141,189],"data,":[15,252],"there":[16],"has":[17],"been":[18],"growing":[19],"awareness":[20],"the":[22,31,39,48,70,84,101,110,120,128,156,174,197,201,209,215,228,274],"issue":[23,50,158,275],"heterogeneity:":[25],"instances":[26],"in":[27,30,34,161,208,278,313],"which":[28,80],"subpopulations":[29,79],"data":[32,163,266],"vary":[33],"ways":[35],"not":[36],"captured":[37],"by":[38,96,164,195],"systematic":[40],"components":[41],"standard":[43,140],"models.":[45,190],"We":[46,118,150,261],"discuss":[47],"general":[49,157],"heterogeneity,":[52,213],"and":[53,109,136,139,184,298,310],"offer":[54],"techniques":[55,297],"for":[56,93,171,205,244],"dealing":[57,172],"with":[58,173,240],"it":[59],"under":[60,72],"various":[61],"conditions.":[62],"One":[63],"special":[64],"case":[65],"heterogeneity":[67,95,160,194,219,241,277],"arises":[68],"when":[69],"population":[71],"study":[73],"consists":[74],"one":[76],"or":[77,89,253],"more":[78],"will":[81,107,300],"never":[82],"experience":[83],"interest.":[87],"Split-population,":[88],"cure":[90],"models,":[91],"account":[92],"this":[94],"permitting":[97],"separate":[98],"analysis":[99],"determinants":[102],"whether":[104],"an":[105,221],"occur":[108],"timing":[111],"that":[113,212,242],"event,":[114],"using":[115,265,287],"mixture":[116],"distributions.":[117],"use":[119],"split-population":[121,138],"model":[122],"reveal":[124],"additional":[125],"insights":[126],"into":[127],"strategies":[129],"action":[132],"committees\u2019":[133],"allocation":[134],"decisions,":[135],"compare":[137],"Congressional":[144],"responses":[145],"Supreme":[147],"Court":[148],"decisions.":[149],"then":[151],"go":[152],"on":[153,227,267],"explore":[155,273],"survival":[162],"considering":[165],"two":[166],"broad":[167],"classes":[168],"lack":[175],"independence":[177],"among":[178],"failure":[179],"times:":[180],"variance":[181,198],"correction":[182],"\u201cfrailty\u201d":[185],"(or":[186],"random":[187],"effects)":[188],"The":[191],"former":[192],"address":[193],"adjusting":[196],"matrix":[199],"estimates":[202],"allow":[204,236],"correct":[206],"inference":[207],"presence":[210],"while":[214],"latter":[216],"approach":[217],"treats":[218],"as":[220],"unobservable,":[222],"random,":[223],"multiplicative":[224],"factor":[225],"acting":[226],"baseline":[229],"hazard":[230],"function.":[231],"Both":[232],"types":[233],"us":[237],"deal":[239],"results,":[243],"example,":[245],"from":[246,254,282,292],"correlation":[247],"at":[248],"multiple":[249],"levels":[250],"repeated":[255],"events":[256],"within":[257],"units":[258],"analysis.":[260],"illustrate":[262],"these":[263],"international":[268],"conflicts.":[269],"In":[270],"sum,":[271],"we":[272],"a":[283,288,317],"variety":[284],"perspectives,":[286],"host":[289],"examples":[291],"contemporary":[293],"science.":[295],"Our":[296],"findings":[299],"therefore":[301],"be":[302],"substantial":[304],"interest":[305],"both":[307],"methodologists":[309],"others":[311],"engaged":[312],"empirical":[314],"work":[315],"across":[316],"range":[318],"subfields.":[320]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}