{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2432660263","doi":null,"title":"Cooperative breeding in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus): testing the hypothesized causes of allosuckling and allonursing.","display_name":"Cooperative breeding in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus): testing the hypothesized causes of allosuckling and allonursing.","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2432660263","mag":"2432660263"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca:981030","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/981030/1/Engelhardt_PhD_S2016.pdf","pdf_url":"https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/981030/1/Engelhardt_PhD_S2016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400871","display_name":"Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","host_organization_name":"Concordia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/981030/1/Engelhardt_PhD_S2016.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057094557","display_name":"Sacha C. Engelhardt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5101-323X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5101-323X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sacha C. Engelhardt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057094557"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.006000000052154064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10838","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooperative-breeding","display_name":"cooperative breeding","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allonursing","display_name":"allonursing","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reindeer","display_name":"reindeer","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kin-selection","display_name":"kin selection","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation-hypothesis","display_name":"compensation hypothesis","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indirect-fitness","display_name":"indirect fitness","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inclusive-fitness","display_name":"inclusive fitness","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-care","display_name":"maternal care","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-relationships","display_name":"genetic relatedness","score":0.753000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112672928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239526","display_name":"Offspring","level":3,"score":0.9093723893165588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23714114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741598","display_name":"Kin selection","level":2,"score":0.7621582746505737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14145190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3427332","display_name":"Cooperative breeding","level":2,"score":0.7140605449676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3264987","display_name":"Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)","level":2,"score":0.671391487121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5266247391700745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190642766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334080","display_name":"Parent\u2013offspring conflict","level":4,"score":0.5080809593200684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111507845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17074181","display_name":"Paternal care","level":4,"score":0.48100385069847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4786437749862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4711945056915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3247481882572174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.32023581862449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.25640225410461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.23934206366539001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.20489352941513062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.17984628677368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.10843124985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca:981030","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/981030/1/Engelhardt_PhD_S2016.pdf","pdf_url":"https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/981030/1/Engelhardt_PhD_S2016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400871","display_name":"Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","host_organization_name":"Concordia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2432660263","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/981030/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca:981030","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/981030/1/Engelhardt_PhD_S2016.pdf","pdf_url":"https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/981030/1/Engelhardt_PhD_S2016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400871","display_name":"Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","host_organization_name":"Concordia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334841","display_name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec \u2013 Nature et technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9f9778"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2432660263.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2432660263.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":382,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9822845","https://openalex.org/W84435450","https://openalex.org/W92486268","https://openalex.org/W97850302","https://openalex.org/W100067553","https://openalex.org/W160471064","https://openalex.org/W167064069","https://openalex.org/W600452792","https://openalex.org/W655161242","https://openalex.org/W760115246","https://openalex.org/W1493919779","https://openalex.org/W1504206595","https://openalex.org/W1505365838","https://openalex.org/W1512941721","https://openalex.org/W1513618424","https://openalex.org/W1513781179","https://openalex.org/W1538872100","https://openalex.org/W1547882328","https://openalex.org/W1590141123","https://openalex.org/W1592778885","https://openalex.org/W1620791185","https://openalex.org/W1634993813","https://openalex.org/W1645014443","https://openalex.org/W1678060042","https://openalex.org/W1725516486","https://openalex.org/W1802302991","https://openalex.org/W1823432310","https://openalex.org/W1838559066","https://openalex.org/W1855982476","https://openalex.org/W1918424777","https://openalex.org/W1945214363","https://openalex.org/W1963506512","https://openalex.org/W1963625042","https://openalex.org/W1963765842","https://openalex.org/W1965547391","https://openalex.org/W1965822121","https://openalex.org/W1966233950","https://openalex.org/W1966953202","https://openalex.org/W1967005072","https://openalex.org/W1967233152","https://openalex.org/W1969153009","https://openalex.org/W1970206158","https://openalex.org/W1971889083","https://openalex.org/W1972176362","https://openalex.org/W1973114859","https://openalex.org/W1973555825","https://openalex.org/W1974121220","https://openalex.org/W1977083150","https://openalex.org/W1977528892","https://openalex.org/W1978824167","https://openalex.org/W1979141956","https://openalex.org/W1979409153","https://openalex.org/W1979625445","https://openalex.org/W1980102327","https://openalex.org/W1980193154","https://openalex.org/W1980215277","https://openalex.org/W1980524164","https://openalex.org/W1981471885","https://openalex.org/W1981580473","https://openalex.org/W1981637965","https://openalex.org/W1982301586","https://openalex.org/W1982634854","https://openalex.org/W1983355020","https://openalex.org/W1984525071","https://openalex.org/W1985888169","https://openalex.org/W1986669679","https://openalex.org/W1987883715","https://openalex.org/W1989270738","https://openalex.org/W1990383549","https://openalex.org/W1990934718","https://openalex.org/W1992727993","https://openalex.org/W1994155700","https://openalex.org/W1994989504","https://openalex.org/W1996145617","https://openalex.org/W1997138703","https://openalex.org/W1997896986","https://openalex.org/W1998029386","https://openalex.org/W1998914054","https://openalex.org/W1998990972","https://openalex.org/W1999737854","https://openalex.org/W1999764911","https://openalex.org/W2000681767","https://openalex.org/W2001360845","https://openalex.org/W2002098594","https://openalex.org/W2002263291","https://openalex.org/W2002439310","https://openalex.org/W2002823095","https://openalex.org/W2002975752","https://openalex.org/W2003264530","https://openalex.org/W2003448645","https://openalex.org/W2003491421","https://openalex.org/W2004439518","https://openalex.org/W2004444667","https://openalex.org/W2004778468","https://openalex.org/W2004899929","https://openalex.org/W2006375176","https://openalex.org/W2006662151","https://openalex.org/W2007926170","https://openalex.org/W2008921890","https://openalex.org/W2009897288","https://openalex.org/W2011064448","https://openalex.org/W2011519111","https://openalex.org/W2011657456","https://openalex.org/W2012340800","https://openalex.org/W2012413837","https://openalex.org/W2013521272","https://openalex.org/W2014045913","https://openalex.org/W2014677678","https://openalex.org/W2014832064","https://openalex.org/W2015606588","https://openalex.org/W2016173073","https://openalex.org/W2016362591","https://openalex.org/W2016904924","https://openalex.org/W2020442186","https://openalex.org/W2020873537","https://openalex.org/W2021242175","https://openalex.org/W2022010068","https://openalex.org/W2022679357","https://openalex.org/W2023057043","https://openalex.org/W2023341156","https://openalex.org/W2023550138","https://openalex.org/W2024862802","https://openalex.org/W2025597976","https://openalex.org/W2026006507","https://openalex.org/W2026162341","https://openalex.org/W2026288361","https://openalex.org/W2026432225","https://openalex.org/W2027893734","https://openalex.org/W2028467038","https://openalex.org/W2028611666","https://openalex.org/W2029761422","https://openalex.org/W2030119473","https://openalex.org/W2030161349","https://openalex.org/W2030255172","https://openalex.org/W2030430005","https://openalex.org/W2031893239","https://openalex.org/W2032357306","https://openalex.org/W2032460873","https://openalex.org/W2032835099","https://openalex.org/W2033556024","https://openalex.org/W2034169221","https://openalex.org/W2035064745","https://openalex.org/W2035348836","https://openalex.org/W2035905463","https://openalex.org/W2036451061","https://openalex.org/W2037901487","https://openalex.org/W2038222114","https://openalex.org/W2039766523","https://openalex.org/W2041230668","https://openalex.org/W2041527867","https://openalex.org/W2041722331","https://openalex.org/W2042485246","https://openalex.org/W2045972148","https://openalex.org/W2046325567","https://openalex.org/W2046481882","https://openalex.org/W2046761074","https://openalex.org/W2047139279","https://openalex.org/W2047496552","https://openalex.org/W2047552077","https://openalex.org/W2048824020","https://openalex.org/W2048834990","https://openalex.org/W2050242558","https://openalex.org/W2050342458","https://openalex.org/W2050913358","https://openalex.org/W2051232081","https://openalex.org/W2051601708","https://openalex.org/W2051980408","https://openalex.org/W2052584678","https://openalex.org/W2053199261","https://openalex.org/W2053761899","https://openalex.org/W2053860138","https://openalex.org/W2053887416","https://openalex.org/W2054012066","https://openalex.org/W2054082811","https://openalex.org/W2054625219","https://openalex.org/W2055416043","https://openalex.org/W2055812220","https://openalex.org/W2056403040","https://openalex.org/W2056457339","https://openalex.org/W2057489914","https://openalex.org/W2058537960","https://openalex.org/W2058541375","https://openalex.org/W2059020800","https://openalex.org/W2059831683","https://openalex.org/W2059946075","https://openalex.org/W2060222461","https://openalex.org/W2060551176","https://openalex.org/W2061357179","https://openalex.org/W2061714221","https://openalex.org/W2062308219","https://openalex.org/W2062496426","https://openalex.org/W2062663664","https://openalex.org/W2063792498","https://openalex.org/W2064033876","https://openalex.org/W2064135456","https://openalex.org/W2064346313","https://openalex.org/W2065292442","https://openalex.org/W2068321836","https://openalex.org/W2068873540","https://openalex.org/W2069436490","https://openalex.org/W2069717416","https://openalex.org/W2070741320","https://openalex.org/W2071265782","https://openalex.org/W2075570353","https://openalex.org/W2076351510","https://openalex.org/W2076700582","https://openalex.org/W2077857109","https://openalex.org/W2079478818","https://openalex.org/W2079587287","https://openalex.org/W2082152827","https://openalex.org/W2082834692","https://openalex.org/W2083621374","https://openalex.org/W2083719833","https://openalex.org/W2085534300","https://openalex.org/W2085916157","https://openalex.org/W2086711900","https://openalex.org/W2087169316","https://openalex.org/W2088978447","https://openalex.org/W2089380116","https://openalex.org/W2089875725","https://openalex.org/W2089882935","https://openalex.org/W2092497137","https://openalex.org/W2092602158","https://openalex.org/W2093178664","https://openalex.org/W2094293428","https://openalex.org/W2094769513","https://openalex.org/W2095326493","https://openalex.org/W2095533684","https://openalex.org/W2095578909","https://openalex.org/W2095872775","https://openalex.org/W2095882081","https://openalex.org/W2096466204","https://openalex.org/W2096671071","https://openalex.org/W2096688898","https://openalex.org/W2096733505","https://openalex.org/W2096959782","https://openalex.org/W2099442235","https://openalex.org/W2103138966","https://openalex.org/W2104037074","https://openalex.org/W2104759301","https://openalex.org/W2105027117","https://openalex.org/W2106117649","https://openalex.org/W2106870040","https://openalex.org/W2107207100","https://openalex.org/W2107376055","https://openalex.org/W2107473082","https://openalex.org/W2108372511","https://openalex.org/W2108888237","https://openalex.org/W2110764249","https://openalex.org/W2110899440","https://openalex.org/W2113103296","https://openalex.org/W2114168218","https://openalex.org/W2114560185","https://openalex.org/W2115106965","https://openalex.org/W2116595024","https://openalex.org/W2117157961","https://openalex.org/W2117560560","https://openalex.org/W2117609593","https://openalex.org/W2118063275","https://openalex.org/W2118653828","https://openalex.org/W2119294875","https://openalex.org/W2119680800","https://openalex.org/W2120157017","https://openalex.org/W2120679934","https://openalex.org/W2122215194","https://openalex.org/W2122653427","https://openalex.org/W2122760120","https://openalex.org/W2123046978","https://openalex.org/W2123549221","https://openalex.org/W2123791071","https://openalex.org/W2124623123","https://openalex.org/W2124668880","https://openalex.org/W2125612235","https://openalex.org/W2125673408","https://openalex.org/W2128986667","https://openalex.org/W2129418178","https://openalex.org/W2129638479","https://openalex.org/W2130448329","https://openalex.org/W2131842864","https://openalex.org/W2132993057","https://openalex.org/W2133010097","https://openalex.org/W2133262516","https://openalex.org/W2133356202","https://openalex.org/W2136450159","https://openalex.org/W2136705798","https://openalex.org/W2138003726","https://openalex.org/W2138323474","https://openalex.org/W2138427174","https://openalex.org/W2139494829","https://openalex.org/W2139942575","https://openalex.org/W2143114565","https://openalex.org/W2143868963","https://openalex.org/W2144816699","https://openalex.org/W2144837962","https://openalex.org/W2145548908","https://openalex.org/W2146803333","https://openalex.org/W2146856615","https://openalex.org/W2147460089","https://openalex.org/W2150568062","https://openalex.org/W2150606429","https://openalex.org/W2150854735","https://openalex.org/W2150961548","https://openalex.org/W2151102408","https://openalex.org/W2151138884","https://openalex.org/W2151430815","https://openalex.org/W2152251582","https://openalex.org/W2152359948","https://openalex.org/W2152520081","https://openalex.org/W2152572150","https://openalex.org/W2153384353","https://openalex.org/W2153505960","https://openalex.org/W2153972485","https://openalex.org/W2155272385","https://openalex.org/W2155592093","https://openalex.org/W2156219454","https://openalex.org/W2156665964","https://openalex.org/W2157009235","https://openalex.org/W2158199195","https://openalex.org/W2158873394","https://openalex.org/W2159524983","https://openalex.org/W2160064266","https://openalex.org/W2161410703","https://openalex.org/W2161899020","https://openalex.org/W2162284807","https://openalex.org/W2162706318","https://openalex.org/W2163155214","https://openalex.org/W2163245639","https://openalex.org/W2165090944","https://openalex.org/W2166620364","https://openalex.org/W2167030552","https://openalex.org/W2168435408","https://openalex.org/W2169492128","https://openalex.org/W2169605107","https://openalex.org/W2169842447","https://openalex.org/W2170714588","https://openalex.org/W2170815643","https://openalex.org/W2171196494","https://openalex.org/W2171366673","https://openalex.org/W2171561017","https://openalex.org/W2172132531","https://openalex.org/W2180019226","https://openalex.org/W2185472171","https://openalex.org/W2186297931","https://openalex.org/W2188097777","https://openalex.org/W2192460225","https://openalex.org/W2207623969","https://openalex.org/W2214965502","https://openalex.org/W2277331941","https://openalex.org/W2278588957","https://openalex.org/W2301896772","https://openalex.org/W2318628795","https://openalex.org/W2319819727","https://openalex.org/W2320492179","https://openalex.org/W2320897143","https://openalex.org/W2321591182","https://openalex.org/W2329283272","https://openalex.org/W2332429731","https://openalex.org/W2412946905","https://openalex.org/W2468495693","https://openalex.org/W2479074959","https://openalex.org/W2487017051","https://openalex.org/W2496944034","https://openalex.org/W2498665227","https://openalex.org/W2499195043","https://openalex.org/W2506647101","https://openalex.org/W2507159855","https://openalex.org/W2511621174","https://openalex.org/W2517246345","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2797532987","https://openalex.org/W2883648636","https://openalex.org/W2951643684","https://openalex.org/W2989590455","https://openalex.org/W2989652326","https://openalex.org/W2989881082","https://openalex.org/W2989883727","https://openalex.org/W2989905896","https://openalex.org/W2990944107","https://openalex.org/W2991047091","https://openalex.org/W2991084443","https://openalex.org/W3139199323","https://openalex.org/W4388322344"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2158199195","https://openalex.org/W2321591182","https://openalex.org/W4389764829","https://openalex.org/W6967303674","https://openalex.org/W7122756972","https://openalex.org/W2117560560","https://openalex.org/W7049074061","https://openalex.org/W2052584678","https://openalex.org/W2159524983","https://openalex.org/W1820498794"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cooperative":[0],"breeding":[1],"is":[2,32,47,53,267],"a":[3,96],"social":[4,11],"system":[5],"in":[6,103,106,115,224,234,307,339],"which":[7,151,168,212,239],"members":[8],"of":[9,19,39,44,137,177,185,192,207,247,259,296,305,318,327],"the":[10,17,42,70,104,135,143,148,153,172,183,186,190,214,220,225,235,241,245,285,292,316,323],"group":[12,144,228],"provide":[13],"parental":[14,72],"care":[15,298],"to":[16,34,41,49,56,166,270],"offspring":[18,25,43,133,136,162],"other":[20,28,45,62],"parents.":[21],"The":[22,37,303],"suckling":[23],"by":[24,59,201],"from":[26,134,312],"females":[27],"than":[29,232],"their":[30,132,161],"mother":[31],"referred":[33,48],"as":[35,50,95,189],"allosuckling.":[36],"provision":[38],"milk":[40,76,173,210],"mothers":[46,119,130,233],"allonursing.":[51],"Allonursing":[52],"often":[54,231],"believed":[55],"have":[57,64,300,310],"evolved":[58],"kin-selection,":[60,74],"however,":[61],"causes":[63],"been":[65,301],"hypothesized.":[66],"My":[67,274],"thesis":[68,275,320],"examines":[69],"misdirected":[71],"care,":[73],"reciprocity,":[75],"evacuation,":[77],"improved":[78,215,332],"nutrition,":[79],"compensation":[80,221],"hypotheses,":[81],"and":[82,87,108,111,117,121,129,146,180,196,288,331,334],"these":[83],"hypotheses":[84],"can":[85,282],"co-occur":[86],"influence":[88],"each":[89],"other.":[90],"Using":[91],"reindeer":[92,308],"(Rangifer":[93],"tarandus)":[94],"model":[97],"species,":[98],"behavioural":[99],"observations":[100],"were":[101,113],"collected":[102],"field":[105],"2012":[107],"2013.":[109],"Allosuckling":[110],"allonursing":[112,141,279,306,330,338],"common":[114],"reindeer,":[116],"most":[118,122],"allonursed":[120,229],"calves":[123,126],"allosuckled.":[124],"Reindeer":[125],"stole":[127],"milk,":[128],"discriminated":[131],"others.":[138],"Mothers":[139,156,223],"exchanged":[140],"at":[142,147,182,244],"level":[145],"dyadic":[149],"level,":[150],"supported":[152,213,240],"reciprocity":[154],"hypothesis.":[155,175,222],"did":[157,169,254],"not":[158,170,199,219,255,268],"allonurse":[159],"while":[160],"was":[163,198],"still":[164],"attempting":[165],"allosuckle,":[167],"support":[171],"evacuation":[174],"Percentage":[176],"mass":[178,181,204,335],"gain":[179,336],"end":[184],"study":[187],"increased":[188],"number":[191],"allosuckling":[193,197],"bouts":[194],"increased,":[195],"influenced":[200],"low":[202],"birth":[203],"or":[205],"measures":[206],"insufficient":[208],"maternal":[209],"supply,":[211],"nutrition":[216,333],"hypothesis":[217,243],"but":[218,315],"closely":[226],"related":[227,237],"more":[230],"distantly":[236],"group,":[238],"kin-selection":[242,265],"extremes":[246],"genetic":[248,260],"relatedness.":[249],"Given":[250],"that":[251,264,278,291,322],"we":[252,262,289],"initially":[253],"find":[256],"an":[257],"effect":[258],"relatedness,":[261],"suggest":[263,290],"alone":[266],"sufficient":[269],"explain":[271],"alloparental":[272,297],"care.":[273],"provides":[276],"evidence":[277],"contributions":[280],"detected":[281],"depend":[283],"upon":[284],"research":[286],"design,":[287],"indirect":[293],"fitness":[294,325],"benefits":[295,326],"may":[299,309],"overestimated.":[302],"evolution":[304],"originated":[311],"inclusive":[313],"fitness,":[314],"results":[317],"my":[319],"demonstrate":[321],"direct":[324],"milk-theft,":[328],"reciprocal":[329],"maintain":[337],"reindeer.":[340]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
