{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2432639706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2016.1184876","title":"The Use of Artificial Neural Networks in Projectile Point Typology","display_name":"The Use of Artificial Neural Networks in Projectile Point Typology","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2432639706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2016.1184876","mag":"2432639706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01977261.2016.1184876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2016.1184876","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2016.1184876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764680422","display_name":"Lithic Technology","issn_l":"0197-7261","issn":["0197-7261","2051-6185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lithic Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074014298","display_name":"Brendan S. Nash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4956-5910","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4956-5910"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13511017","display_name":"Texas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9q1g27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13511017"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brendan S. Nash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anthropology, Texas State University San Marcos, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78669, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anthropology, Texas State University San Marcos, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78669, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13511017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025670876","display_name":"Elton R. Prewitt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13511017","display_name":"Texas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9q1g27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13511017"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elton R. Prewitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anthropology, Texas State University San Marcos, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78669, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anthropology, Texas State University San Marcos, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78669, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13511017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025670876","https://openalex.org/A5074014298"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13511017"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5403,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96137734,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"3","first_page":"194","last_page":"211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13831","display_name":"Archaeological and Geological Studies","score":0.32420000433921814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13831","display_name":"Archaeological and Geological Studies","score":0.32420000433921814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.16529999673366547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13373","display_name":"Data Mining and Machine Learning Applications","score":0.15230000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network","display_name":"artificial neural networks","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projectile-point-typology","display_name":"projectile point typology","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeological-typology","display_name":"archaeological typology","score":0.4000000059604645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.8114597797393799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75795011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917904","display_name":"Typology","level":2,"score":0.748639702796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.7128913998603821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.683375358581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93953391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308299","display_name":"Projectile point","level":2,"score":0.6689121127128601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6424986124038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.565874457359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5371167659759521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.526383638381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4605969190597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.16747942566871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1443694531917572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13748100399971008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01977261.2016.1184876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2016.1184876","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2016.1184876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764680422","display_name":"Lithic Technology","issn_l":"0197-7261","issn":["0197-7261","2051-6185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lithic Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118296737","https://openalex.org/W313920624","https://openalex.org/W744282294","https://openalex.org/W745036880","https://openalex.org/W768356409","https://openalex.org/W772069301","https://openalex.org/W801209950","https://openalex.org/W1484864026","https://openalex.org/W1500890010","https://openalex.org/W1532221965","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1598201578","https://openalex.org/W1977177161","https://openalex.org/W1980501707","https://openalex.org/W1981976602","https://openalex.org/W2006731627","https://openalex.org/W2014702547","https://openalex.org/W2025214807","https://openalex.org/W2034572267","https://openalex.org/W2038887102","https://openalex.org/W2051812123","https://openalex.org/W2068470708","https://openalex.org/W2070303215","https://openalex.org/W2075852877","https://openalex.org/W2089665585","https://openalex.org/W2091372542","https://openalex.org/W2093513190","https://openalex.org/W2095515463","https://openalex.org/W2101927907","https://openalex.org/W2119571194","https://openalex.org/W2121394390","https://openalex.org/W2130269771","https://openalex.org/W2141278204","https://openalex.org/W2146884475","https://openalex.org/W2901008979","https://openalex.org/W4234643200","https://openalex.org/W4244404245","https://openalex.org/W4244989652","https://openalex.org/W4245400957","https://openalex.org/W4255861232","https://openalex.org/W4388297464"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4242079645","https://openalex.org/W1547748475","https://openalex.org/W7036319233","https://openalex.org/W4239300144","https://openalex.org/W4253871676","https://openalex.org/W4389262039","https://openalex.org/W2005210704","https://openalex.org/W6885011652","https://openalex.org/W2354361856","https://openalex.org/W4244101873"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Regional":[0],"empirical":[1,30,106],"typologies":[2],"have":[3],"received":[4],"criticisms":[5],"for":[6,20,36],"characterizing":[7],"artifact":[8],"types":[9],"as":[10,49],"immutable,":[11],"mutually":[12],"exclusive":[13],"groups,":[14],"rather":[15],"than":[16],"analytical":[17,22,40,67,103],"groups":[18],"developed":[19],"an":[21,29],"purposes.":[23],"The":[24],"research":[25],"presented":[26],"here":[27],"uses":[28],"regional":[31],"typology":[32],"to":[33,52,65,97,101,113,127,136],"supply":[34],"data":[35,57],"the":[37,44,116],"creation":[38],"of":[39,46],"units.":[41,107],"Developed":[42],"in":[43,56,69],"field":[45],"computer":[47],"science":[48],"a":[50,88,121],"means":[51],"discover":[53],"complex":[54,139],"patterns":[55,68],"sets,":[58],"archaeologists":[59],"can":[60,94,133],"use":[61],"artificial":[62,98,130],"neural":[63,78,99,131],"networks":[64,79,100,117,132],"identify":[66],"typological":[70],"data.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73],"paper":[74],"we":[75,109],"explain":[76],"what":[77],"are":[80],"and":[81,91,126],"how":[82,87,129],"they":[83],"work.":[84],"We":[85],"show":[86,114],"specific":[89],"architecture":[90],"training":[92],"process":[93],"be":[95,134],"applied":[96,135],"create":[102],"units":[104],"from":[105],"Finally,":[108],"provide":[110],"four":[111],"examples":[112],"that":[115],"will":[118],"not":[119],"find":[120],"pattern":[122],"where":[123],"none":[124],"exists,":[125],"demonstrate":[128],"solve":[137],"more":[138],"problems.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}