{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2431662475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157795","title":"Examining the Effect of Reverse Worded Items on the Factor Structure of the Need for Cognition Scale","display_name":"Examining the Effect of Reverse Worded Items on the Factor Structure of the Need for Cognition Scale","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2431662475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157795","mag":"2431662475","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27305001","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4909292"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157795","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157795","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0157795&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0157795&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063683994","display_name":"Xijuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-8867","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-8867"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xijuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-8867","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082189606","display_name":"Ramsha Noor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramsha Noor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055786394","display_name":"Victoria Savalei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8530-3251","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8530-3251"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victoria Savalei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063683994"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"apc_paid":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"fwci":8.0974,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":241,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97502521,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"e0157795","last_page":"e0157795"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12848","display_name":"Psychological Testing and Assessment","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11539","display_name":"Survey Methodology and Nonresponse","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/need-for-cognition-scale","display_name":"Need for Cognition Scale","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acquiescence-bias","display_name":"acquiescence bias","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-structure","display_name":"factor structure","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-revision","display_name":"scale revision","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methodological-factors","display_name":"methodological factors","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometric-properties","display_name":"psychometric properties","score":0.4180000126361847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.687349259853363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40722632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.6465293169021606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6397988796234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.602861225605011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10879293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726474","display_name":"Factor analysis","level":2,"score":0.5396130084991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144386022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332997","display_name":"Scale factor (cosmology)","level":5,"score":0.4876507520675659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4716818928718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4632028341293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4560028314590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.4452736973762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.24646109342575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.24065589904785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21386659145355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13417106866836548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26405456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338","display_name":"Cosmology","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20154449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129469","display_name":"Metric expansion of space","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172790937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18343","display_name":"Dark energy","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005163","descriptor_name":"Factor Analysis, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016009","descriptor_name":"Chi-Square Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157795","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157795","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0157795&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3899799","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4909292","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:27305001","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27305001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4909292","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4909292/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pone00:0157795","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0157795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0eb34986e5144b238e306ee45e2ad8b0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0eb34986e5144b238e306ee45e2ad8b0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 6, p e0157795 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E000F-A46-221","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://api.osf.io/v2/nodes/jq3yk/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"project"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:b08215b9-c396-4d6f-9b04-7f0098948550","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/jq3yk","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Project"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157795","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157795","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0157795&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2431662475.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2431662475.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W312212258","https://openalex.org/W1486839280","https://openalex.org/W1800216240","https://openalex.org/W1886524202","https://openalex.org/W1895781480","https://openalex.org/W1913957972","https://openalex.org/W1965038983","https://openalex.org/W1969529113","https://openalex.org/W1980493953","https://openalex.org/W1982343866","https://openalex.org/W1991374387","https://openalex.org/W1992193527","https://openalex.org/W2005785067","https://openalex.org/W2005967696","https://openalex.org/W2018201949","https://openalex.org/W2021560076","https://openalex.org/W2028838950","https://openalex.org/W2041963641","https://openalex.org/W2052977993","https://openalex.org/W2054788835","https://openalex.org/W2059024952","https://openalex.org/W2062214262","https://openalex.org/W2062458942","https://openalex.org/W2067495470","https://openalex.org/W2068031621","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2077821296","https://openalex.org/W2088477804","https://openalex.org/W2092115293","https://openalex.org/W2123543055","https://openalex.org/W2126645112","https://openalex.org/W2141632279","https://openalex.org/W2157169639","https://openalex.org/W2158283650","https://openalex.org/W2160643014","https://openalex.org/W2163988453","https://openalex.org/W2171288877","https://openalex.org/W2187967684","https://openalex.org/W2309234137","https://openalex.org/W2318250133","https://openalex.org/W2784954700","https://openalex.org/W4237817862","https://openalex.org/W4299927410","https://openalex.org/W6960878014"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2082032767","https://openalex.org/W2890486655","https://openalex.org/W2187967684","https://openalex.org/W4399760757","https://openalex.org/W4383227087","https://openalex.org/W4308419381","https://openalex.org/W2126645112","https://openalex.org/W4309830330","https://openalex.org/W4410642849","https://openalex.org/W4210694249"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reverse":[0],"worded":[1,122],"(RW)":[2],"items":[3,48,79,92,124,151,195,230],"are":[4],"often":[5],"used":[6],"to":[7,70,80],"reduce":[8],"or":[9,196],"eliminate":[10],"acquiescence":[11],"bias,":[12],"but":[13],"there":[14],"is":[15],"a":[16,113,116,223],"rising":[17],"concern":[18],"about":[19],"their":[20],"harmful":[21],"effects":[22],"on":[23,49],"the":[24,28,43,46,50,54,68,87,90,100,144,149,153,157,166,177,188,200,210,219,227,236],"covariance":[25,35],"structure":[26,52,155],"of":[27,45,53,89,99,148,156],"scale.":[29,159],"Therefore,":[30],"results":[31],"obtained":[32],"via":[33],"traditional":[34],"analyses":[36],"may":[37],"be":[38],"distorted.":[39],"This":[40],"study":[41],"examined":[42],"effect":[44],"RW":[47,78,82,91,126,150,175,194,198,217],"factor":[51,64,136,154,220,225],"abbreviated":[55],"18-item":[56],"Need":[57],"for":[58,165,187,209],"Cognition":[59],"(NFC)":[60],"scale":[61,69,211],"using":[62],"confirmatory":[63],"analysis.":[65],"We":[66,84],"modified":[67],"create":[71],"three":[72],"revised":[73,189],"versions,":[74],"varying":[75],"from":[76],"no":[77,193],"all":[81,197],"items.":[83],"also":[85],"manipulated":[86],"type":[88,147],"(polar":[93],"opposite":[94,214,229],"vs.":[95],"negated).":[96],"To":[97],"each":[98,132],"four":[101,105,110],"scales,":[102],"we":[103],"fit":[104,234],"previously":[106],"developed":[107],"models.":[108],"The":[109],"models":[111],"included":[112],"1-factor":[114,178,201,237],"model,":[115],"2-factor":[117,130],"model":[118,179,202,221],"distinguishing":[119],"between":[120],"positively":[121],"(PW)":[123],"and":[125,128,137,146,174,215],"items,":[127,176,199,218],"two":[129],"models,":[131],"with":[133,161,212,222],"one":[134,138],"substantive":[135],"method":[139,224],"factor.":[140],"Results":[141],"showed":[142],"that":[143,191],"number":[145],"affected":[152],"NFC":[158,168],"Consistent":[160],"previous":[162],"research":[163],"findings,":[164],"original":[167],"scale,":[169],"which":[170],"contains":[171],"both":[172],"PW":[173],"did":[180],"not":[181],"have":[182],"good":[183,205],"fit.":[184,206],"In":[185,207],"contrast,":[186],"scales":[190],"had":[192,203,231],"reasonably":[204],"addition,":[208],"polar":[213,228],"negated":[216],"among":[226],"considerably":[232],"better":[233],"than":[235],"model.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
