{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2431620512","doi":null,"title":"Tuberculous meningitis in adults: an eleven-year review.","display_name":"Tuberculous meningitis in adults: an eleven-year review.","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2431620512","mag":"2431620512","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9661821"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:9661821","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9661821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083889207","display_name":"Salih Ho\u015fo\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4034-9202","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4034-9202"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123466251","display_name":"Dicle University","ror":"https://ror.org/0257dtg16","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123466251"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Hoso\u011flu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123466251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005182149","display_name":"Celal Ayaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-1090","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-1090"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Ayaz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005947908","display_name":"MF Geyik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M F Geyik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107599863","display_name":"\u00d6mer Faruk K\u00f6ko\u011flu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O F K\u00f6ko\u011flu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004162274","display_name":"Adnan Ceviz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0876-6612","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0876-6612"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Ceviz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.962,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87581034,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"7","first_page":"553","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11381","display_name":"Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11381","display_name":"Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10873","display_name":"Bacterial Infections and Vaccines","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13201","display_name":"Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculous-meningitis","display_name":"tuberculous meningitis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adults","display_name":"adults","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-characteristics","display_name":"clinical features","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebrospinal-fluid-analysis","display_name":"cerebrospinal fluid analysis","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/csf-blood-glucose-ratio","display_name":"CSF/blood glucose ratio","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ct-abnormalities","display_name":"CT abnormalities","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrocephalus","display_name":"hydrocephalus","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurological-sequelae","display_name":"neurological sequelae","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-factors","display_name":"prognostic factors","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-treatment","display_name":"early treatment","score":0.5239999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.954872190952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776896556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3854687","display_name":"Tuberculous meningitis","level":3,"score":0.7723240852355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778134817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193003","display_name":"Hydrocephalus","level":2,"score":0.6752471923828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50965678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2724302","display_name":"Abnormality","level":2,"score":0.6299458146095276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86","display_name":"Headaches","level":2,"score":0.5999379754066467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780852908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127076","display_name":"Vomiting","level":2,"score":0.5561710000038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781026528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48143","display_name":"Meningitis","level":2,"score":0.5551747679710388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779651940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54196","display_name":"Cerebrospinal fluid","level":2,"score":0.5482020974159241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33619753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5014091","display_name":"CSF albumin","level":3,"score":0.48501870036125183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.47663554549217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.4589911103248596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.4134526252746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.348469078540802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000995","descriptor_name":"Antitubercular Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014390","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis, Meningeal","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014390","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis, Meningeal","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014390","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis, Meningeal","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:9661821","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9661821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2431620512","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9661821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148551854","https://openalex.org/W2278475590","https://openalex.org/W2745582137","https://openalex.org/W2972136802","https://openalex.org/W2182711914","https://openalex.org/W2359320143","https://openalex.org/W158906296","https://openalex.org/W2971177498","https://openalex.org/W4397021717","https://openalex.org/W4361215936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"assess":[2],"the":[3,48,58,118,136,138,222],"presentation,":[4,190],"diagnosis":[5],"and":[6,32,44,83,105,131,165,201,217,225,237],"outcome":[7,216,236],"of":[8,18,50,57,60,69,120,135,214,221],"patients":[9,41,70,149,158,167,177,223],"with":[10,20],"tuberculous":[11],"meningitis":[12],"(TBM).":[13],"DESIGN:":[14],"The":[15,54,67,88,125],"medical":[16],"records":[17],"adults":[19],"TBM":[21,61,121,206],"who":[22],"were":[23,35,42,115,127,181],"treated":[24],"at":[25,52,189],"Dicle":[26],"University":[27],"Hospital":[28],"between":[29],"January":[30],"1985":[31],"October":[33],"1996":[34],"reviewed.":[36],"RESULTS:":[37],"In":[38],"total,":[39],"101":[40],"identified":[43],"stratified":[45],"according":[46],"to":[47],"stage":[49,187],"disease":[51,211],"presentation.":[53],"mean":[55,89],"duration":[56],"symptoms":[59],"before":[62],"admission":[63],"was":[64,95,145,172],"12":[65],"days.":[66],"majority":[68],"had":[71],"headaches":[72],"(96.0%),":[73],"fever":[74],"(91.1%),":[75,78],"nuchal":[76],"rigidity":[77],"vomiting":[79],"(81.2%),":[80],"meningism":[81],"(79.2%)":[82],"abnormal":[84,132],"mental":[85],"state":[86],"(72.3%).":[87],"cerebrospinal":[90],"fluid":[91],"(CSF)":[92],"leukocyte":[93],"count":[94],"0.38":[96],"x":[97],"10(9)/L,":[98],"protein":[99,199],"1410":[100],"mg/L,":[101],"glucose":[102,107,192,196],"2.0":[103],"mmol/L":[104],"CSF/blood":[106,195],"ratio":[108],"27%.":[109],"Cranial":[110],"computerized":[111],"tomography":[112],"(CT)":[113],"scans":[114],"performed":[116],"during":[117],"course":[119],"in":[122,129,133,156,162,183,212],"64":[123],"patients.":[124],"results":[126],"normal":[128],"6.3%,":[130],"93.7%":[134],"cases;":[137],"most":[139],"frequent":[140],"abnormality":[141],"found":[142],"on":[143],"CT":[144,202],"hydrocephalus":[146],"(45.3%).":[147],"Forty-four":[148],"(43.5%)":[150],"died.":[151],"Minor":[152],"neurological":[153],"sequelae":[154,161],"developed":[155],"11":[157],"(10.9%),":[159],"major":[160],"10":[163],"(9.9%),":[164],"31":[166],"(30.7%)":[168],"completely":[169],"recovered.":[170],"There":[171],"no":[173],"follow-up":[174],"for":[175],"five":[176],"(5.0%).":[178],"Five":[179],"factors":[180],"important":[182],"predicting":[184],"fatal":[185,215,235],"outcome:":[186],"III":[188],"low":[191,194],"levels,":[193,200],"ratio,":[197],"high":[198],"scanning":[203],"abnormality.":[204],"CONCLUSION:":[205],"is":[207],"a":[208],"very":[209],"critical":[210],"terms":[213],"permanent":[218],"sequelae:":[219],"43.5%":[220],"died":[224],"only":[226],"30.7%":[227],"experienced":[228],"complete":[229],"recovery.":[230],"Early":[231],"treatment":[232],"may":[233],"reduce":[234],"morbidity.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}