{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2429052256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2003.9669683","title":"Error Matters: An Initial Exploration of Elementary School Children's Understanding of Experimental Error","display_name":"Error Matters: An Initial Exploration of Elementary School Children's Understanding of Experimental Error","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2429052256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2003.9669683","mag":"2429052256"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15248372.2003.9669683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2003.9669683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2003.9669683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85012985","display_name":"Journal of Cognition and Development","issn_l":"1524-8372","issn":["1524-8372","1532-7647"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cognition and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023829947","display_name":"Amy M. Masnick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1346-1597","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1346-1597"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy M. Masnick","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103376521","display_name":"David Klahr","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Klahr","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.5962,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98748152,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"67","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11875","display_name":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-error","display_name":"experimental error","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sources-of-error","display_name":"error sources","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evidence-based-reasoning","display_name":"evidence-based reasoning","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-application","display_name":"theory application","score":0.414000004529953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6062382459640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5802294015884399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.5183452367782593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5085383653640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.5020692348480225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.42356282472610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.41036880016326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36774134635925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21692803502082825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.19212424755096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15327483415603638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13777288794517517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.084188312292099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15248372.2003.9669683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2003.9669683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2003.9669683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85012985","display_name":"Journal of Cognition and Development","issn_l":"1524-8372","issn":["1524-8372","1532-7647"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cognition and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15327647jcd4,1-03","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327647jcd4,1-03","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327647jcd4,1-03","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85012985","display_name":"Journal of Cognition and Development","issn_l":"1524-8372","issn":["1524-8372","1532-7647"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cognition and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W123498984","https://openalex.org/W1506300690","https://openalex.org/W1539707462","https://openalex.org/W1557598778","https://openalex.org/W1675163538","https://openalex.org/W1967932248","https://openalex.org/W1975393782","https://openalex.org/W1976036348","https://openalex.org/W1981420039","https://openalex.org/W1982506274","https://openalex.org/W1982917863","https://openalex.org/W2021661877","https://openalex.org/W2031904534","https://openalex.org/W2050201670","https://openalex.org/W2050966704","https://openalex.org/W2053121973","https://openalex.org/W2054638879","https://openalex.org/W2060752227","https://openalex.org/W2061292433","https://openalex.org/W2068923254","https://openalex.org/W2070026586","https://openalex.org/W2082455256","https://openalex.org/W2085763587","https://openalex.org/W2090892192","https://openalex.org/W2093256885","https://openalex.org/W2104732510","https://openalex.org/W2108600252","https://openalex.org/W2114913414","https://openalex.org/W2119238414","https://openalex.org/W2121062238","https://openalex.org/W2131525330","https://openalex.org/W2146117112","https://openalex.org/W2477882401","https://openalex.org/W4235881437","https://openalex.org/W4243172560","https://openalex.org/W6636953758"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2624654113","https://openalex.org/W7099255663","https://openalex.org/W7097439054","https://openalex.org/W2114913414","https://openalex.org/W6958359664","https://openalex.org/W3195481112","https://openalex.org/W2593092310","https://openalex.org/W7100022279","https://openalex.org/W213637029","https://openalex.org/W2115188018"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Error":[0],"is":[1,22],"a":[2,14,40,158],"pervasive":[3],"and":[4,10,30,47,68,74,87,93,114,124,141],"inescapable":[5],"aspect":[6],"of":[7,27,32,57,62,66,77,97,121,131,137,162],"empirical":[8,55],"science,":[9],"it":[11],"often":[12],"plays":[13],"causal":[15],"role":[16,76,136],"in":[17,70,79,139],"experimental":[18,33,45],"outcomes.":[19],"But":[20],"little":[21],"known":[23],"about":[24,81],"children's":[25,60],"understanding":[26,61],"the":[28,75,119,129,135,149],"causes":[29],"consequences":[31],"error.":[34,82],"In":[35],"this":[36,72],"article,":[37],"we":[38,48],"propose":[39,92],"new":[41],"framework":[42,51],"for":[43],"characterizing":[44],"error":[46,98,138],"use":[49,65],"that":[50,85],"to":[52,108,128,153],"guide":[53,109],"an":[54],"assessment":[56],"elementary":[58],"school":[59],"error,":[63,155],"their":[64,110,122],"theory":[67],"evidence":[69,107],"guiding":[71],"understanding,":[73],"context":[78,130],"reasoning":[80],"We":[83],"found":[84],"2nd-":[86],"4th-grade":[88],"children":[89,146],"could":[90,101],"both":[91],"recognize":[94],"potential":[95],"sources":[96],"before":[99,145],"they":[100,125,156],"design":[102,120],"unconfounded":[103],"experiments.":[104],"They":[105,133],"used":[106],"reasoning,":[111],"making":[112],"predictions":[113],"drawing":[115],"conclusions":[116],"based":[117],"on":[118],"experiments,":[123],"were":[126],"sensitive":[127],"reasoning:":[132],"differentiated":[134],"relative":[140],"absolute":[142],"measurements.":[143],"Long":[144],"have":[147,157],"acquired":[148],"formal":[150],"procedures":[151],"necessary":[152],"control":[154],"surprisingly":[159],"rich-albeit":[160],"unsystematic-understanding":[161],"its":[163],"various":[164],"sources.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
