{"id":"https://openalex.org/W242589757","doi":null,"title":"Controlled Laser Damage of Single-Photon Avalanche Photodiodes","display_name":"Controlled Laser Damage of Single-Photon Avalanche Photodiodes","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W242589757","mag":"242589757"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:242589757","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:691459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605052","display_name":"77","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"other"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"77","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026812573","display_name":"Audun Nystad Bugge","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Audun Nystad Bugge","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026812573"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9082000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9082000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.017400000244379044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.006200000178068876,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-photon-avalanche-diode","display_name":"single-photon avalanche diodes","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-induced-damage","display_name":"laser-induced damage","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"quantum key distribution","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dark-count-rate","display_name":"dark count rate","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dark-current","display_name":"dark current","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breakdown-voltage","display_name":"breakdown voltage","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-quenching","display_name":"passive quenching","score":0.8450000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109679912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175932","display_name":"Avalanche photodiode","level":3,"score":0.886544406414032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.8398400545120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193265955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73116","display_name":"APDS","level":4,"score":0.6152943968772888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5571020841598511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.5041996240615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95341827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175898","display_name":"Avalanche diode","level":4,"score":0.5039116740226746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4664532542228699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4604544937610626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.4408155083656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.42233431339263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C751236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175943","display_name":"Photodiode","level":2,"score":0.4187120199203491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.4088180661201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3898414075374603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3764471709728241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37545329332351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.35882115364074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3341396749019623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2889753580093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.2825658917427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.28042274713516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.25494498014450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23676449060440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2127174437046051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2114710509777069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119321828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1267190","display_name":"Breakdown voltage","level":3,"score":0.2050173580646515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:242589757","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:691459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605052","display_name":"77","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"other"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"77","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965942472","https://openalex.org/W1968204762","https://openalex.org/W1977992130","https://openalex.org/W1997102776","https://openalex.org/W2003570674","https://openalex.org/W2005263471","https://openalex.org/W2013482589","https://openalex.org/W2013622559","https://openalex.org/W2028710228","https://openalex.org/W2063519529","https://openalex.org/W2090906802","https://openalex.org/W2124627478","https://openalex.org/W2135260691","https://openalex.org/W2135902446","https://openalex.org/W2137637231","https://openalex.org/W2166362740","https://openalex.org/W3023478445","https://openalex.org/W3038067977","https://openalex.org/W3098325229","https://openalex.org/W3099374551","https://openalex.org/W3101827277","https://openalex.org/W3147289055"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006491958","https://openalex.org/W2037337825","https://openalex.org/W2061985961","https://openalex.org/W1995993258","https://openalex.org/W3006799711","https://openalex.org/W4297998219","https://openalex.org/W2943702652","https://openalex.org/W2013622559","https://openalex.org/W3018498011","https://openalex.org/W2127651223"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0],"cryptography":[1],"has":[2,57,148,248],"been":[3,46,58,145,149,169,232,249],"developed":[4],"from":[5],"being":[6,67],"a":[7,90,130,136,139,185],"theoretical":[8],"proposal":[9],"to":[10,60,94,101,120,125,155,171,182,197,234],"having":[11],"real":[12],"world":[13],"applications,":[14],"with":[15,98],"companies":[16],"developing":[17],"and":[18,48,83,117,243],"selling":[19],"quantum":[20,29,214],"key":[21,36,65,161],"distribution":[22,37],"(QKD)":[23],"instruments":[24],"commercially.":[25],"Although":[26],"laws":[27],"of":[28,52,111,141,158,177,213,224,258],"physics":[30],"guarantee":[31],"perfect":[32],"security":[33,257],"in":[34,41,105,135,184,210,236],"the":[35,42,55,62,70,96,99,109,115,159,173,211,221,240,244,256],"protocol,":[38],"several":[39,178],"vulnerabilities":[40],"practical":[43],"implementations":[44],"have":[45,144,168,231],"described":[47],"demonstrated.":[49],"In":[50],"some":[51],"these":[53,252],"attacks":[54],"eavesdropper":[56],"able":[59,154,170],"acquire":[61],"entire":[63],"secret":[64],"without":[66],"detected":[68],"by":[69,163,180,188,200],"two":[71],"communicating":[72],"parties.":[73],"This":[74,203],"thesis":[75],"describes":[76],"an":[77,192,205],"experimental":[78],"setup":[79],"for":[80,219],"automatically":[81],"characterizing":[82],"damaging":[84],"single":[85],"photon":[86],"avalanche":[87,132],"photodiodes":[88],"using":[89],"high":[91],"power":[92],"laser":[93,190],"damage":[95],"diode":[97],"intention":[100],"find":[102],"new":[103],"weaknesses":[104],"QKD":[106,259],"systems.":[107,128,260],"Hopefully,":[108],"discovery":[110],"loopholes":[112],"will":[113],"stimulate":[114],"researchers":[116],"commercial":[118],"manufacturers":[119],"fix":[121],"their":[122],"implementations,":[123],"leading":[124],"more":[126],"secure":[127],"For":[129],"silicon":[131],"photodiode":[133],"(APD)":[134],"passive-quenching":[137],"circuit,":[138],"number":[140],"interesting":[142,206,237],"results":[143],"found.":[146],"It":[147,247],"shown":[150],"that":[151,230,251],"we":[152],"are":[153,239],"change":[156,235],"many":[157],"APDs":[160,179],"characteristics":[162],"applying":[164],"strong":[165,189],"illumination.":[166],"We":[167],"reduce":[172],"dark":[174,241],"count":[175],"rate":[176],"up":[181],"80%":[183],"predictable":[186],"way":[187],"illumination,":[191],"effect":[193],"which":[194],"is":[195,204],"believed":[196],"be":[198],"caused":[199],"localized":[201],"annealing.":[202],"result":[207],"not":[208],"only":[209],"field":[212],"cryptography,":[215],"but":[216],"perhaps":[217],"also":[218],"improving":[220],"manufacturing":[222],"process":[223],"different":[225],"semiconductor":[226],"components.":[227],"Other":[228],"parameters":[229],"found":[233],"ways":[238],"current":[242],"breakdown":[245],"voltage.":[246],"demonstrated":[250],"changes":[253],"may":[254],"compromise":[255]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}