{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2423945124","doi":null,"title":"Evolutionary trends in the pharmacotherapeutic management of depression.","display_name":"Evolutionary trends in the pharmacotherapeutic management of depression.","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2423945124","mag":"2423945124","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7814356"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:7814356","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7814356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of clinical psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050356892","display_name":"Charles B. Nemeroff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7867-1160","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7867-1160"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C B Nemeroff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga 30322","Emory University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga 30322","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050356892"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8422,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":101,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97700422,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"55 Suppl","issue":null,"first_page":"3","last_page":"15; discussion 16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11071","display_name":"Treatment of Major Depression","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11071","display_name":"Treatment of Major Depression","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13118","display_name":"Psychological Treatments and Disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-therapy","display_name":"pharmacotherapy","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antidepressants","display_name":"antidepressants","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintenance-therapy","display_name":"maintenance therapy","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relapse-prevention","display_name":"relapse prevention","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monoamine-oxidase-inhibitors","display_name":"monoamine oxidase inhibitors","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tricyclic-antidepressants","display_name":"tricyclic antidepressants","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tetracyclic-antidepressants","display_name":"tetracyclic antidepressants","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors","display_name":"selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bupropion","display_name":"bupropion","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trazodone","display_name":"trazodone","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nefazodone","display_name":"nefazodone","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geriatric-depression","display_name":"geriatric depression","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comorbidity","display_name":"comorbidities","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-diagnosis","display_name":"early diagnosis","score":0.5830000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779419675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416632","display_name":"Nefazodone","level":5,"score":0.8463341593742371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q834280","display_name":"Bupropion","level":3,"score":0.8010024428367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411457","display_name":"Trazodone","level":4,"score":0.7519707679748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779177272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76560","display_name":"Antidepressant","level":3,"score":0.7441587448120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777669559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407617","display_name":"Sertraline","level":4,"score":0.6470907330513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777828372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408471","display_name":"Paroxetine","level":4,"score":0.6143991947174072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776134451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422244","display_name":"Fluoxetine","level":4,"score":0.6109386682510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6065903902053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781081902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3539074","display_name":"Tricyclic","level":2,"score":0.5866810083389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6746702","display_name":"Management of depression","level":3,"score":0.5292075276374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5288846492767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.5282819867134094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777490545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409672","display_name":"Citalopram","level":4,"score":0.48713991045951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.48237815499305725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31487548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4859664","display_name":"Reuptake inhibitor","level":4,"score":0.4801727831363678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780179036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616181","display_name":"Serotonin syndrome","level":5,"score":0.4445565342903137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36562278866767883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.22296571731567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.199580579996109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775864247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167934","display_name":"Serotonin","level":3,"score":0.19877266883850098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.11531266570091248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.06794565916061401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777843972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2462253","display_name":"Smoking cessation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37000724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50430226","display_name":"Serotonergic","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069470","descriptor_name":"Venlafaxine Hydrochloride","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000928","descriptor_name":"Antidepressive Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000928","descriptor_name":"Antidepressive Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000928","descriptor_name":"Antidepressive Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000929","descriptor_name":"Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000929","descriptor_name":"Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003511","descriptor_name":"Cyclohexanols","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003511","descriptor_name":"Cyclohexanols","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003663","descriptor_name":"Decision Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003866","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003866","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004334","descriptor_name":"Drug Administration Schedule","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010879","descriptor_name":"Piperazines","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010919","descriptor_name":"Placebos","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012008","descriptor_name":"Recurrence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014196","descriptor_name":"Trazodone","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014196","descriptor_name":"Trazodone","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014230","descriptor_name":"Triazoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014230","descriptor_name":"Triazoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017367","descriptor_name":"Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017367","descriptor_name":"Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:7814356","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7814356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of clinical psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2423945124","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7814356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2301188068","https://openalex.org/W1967435433","https://openalex.org/W2163253457","https://openalex.org/W2400069288","https://openalex.org/W2189375372","https://openalex.org/W1549243123","https://openalex.org/W2087693693","https://openalex.org/W2413492397","https://openalex.org/W2058932983","https://openalex.org/W16698172"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,132],"past":[1],"decade":[2],"has":[3,18,137],"brought":[4],"an":[5],"exponential":[6],"increase":[7],"in":[8,29,53,117,182],"our":[9],"knowledge":[10],"of":[11,15,27,46,58,65,73,115,125,134,166,171],"the":[12,22,30,33,43,54,62,95,150,185],"pharmacotherapeutic":[13],"management":[14,57],"depression.":[16,47],"Much":[17],"been":[19],"learned":[20],"about":[21,42],"prevalence,":[23],"risks,":[24],"and":[25,35,41,56,60,75,81,84,113,145,147,156,178,193],"course":[26],"depression":[28,59,68],"general":[31],"population,":[32],"elderly,":[34],"patients":[36],"with":[37,168],"comorbid":[38],"medical":[39],"illnesses":[40],"biological":[44],"basis":[45],"This":[48],"article":[49],"reviews":[50],"evolving":[51],"trends":[52],"diagnosis":[55,83],"evaluates":[61],"main":[63],"classes":[64],"antidepressants.":[66],"Although":[67,180],"carries":[69],"a":[70,164],"high":[71],"risk":[72],"morbidity":[74],"mortality,":[76],"it":[77],"is":[78,92],"very":[79],"treatable,":[80],"early":[82,85],"treatment":[86],"are":[87,127,158,191,198],"now":[88,159],"emphasized.":[89],"Antidepressant":[90],"medication":[91],"continued":[93],"after":[94],"patients'":[96],"acute":[97],"depressive":[98],"symptoms":[99],"resolve,":[100],"sometimes":[101],"for":[102,129],"as":[103,105,161,163],"long":[104],"1":[106],"to":[107,110,141,184,200],"5":[108],"years":[109],"prevent":[111],"relapse":[112],"recurrence":[114],"depression;":[116],"addition,":[118],"full":[119],"doses,":[120],"rather":[121],"than":[122],"lower":[123],"doses":[124],"antidepressant":[126],"prescribed":[128],"maintenance":[130],"therapy.":[131],"armamentarium":[133],"antidepressants":[135,167],"too":[136],"changed.":[138],"In":[139],"addition":[140],"monoamine":[142],"oxidase":[143],"inhibitors":[144,153],"tricyclic":[146,186],"tetracyclic":[148],"antidepressants,":[149,187],"serotonin":[151],"reuptake":[152],"fluoxetine,":[154],"sertraline,":[155],"paroxetine":[157],"available,":[160],"well":[162],"group":[165],"atypical":[169],"mechanisms":[170],"action":[172],"that":[173],"includes":[174],"bupropion,":[175],"trazodone,":[176],"venlafaxin,":[177],"nefazodone.":[179],"comparable":[181],"efficacy":[183],"these":[188],"new":[189],"drugs":[190],"safer":[192],"better":[194],"tolerated":[195],"because":[196],"they":[197],"believed":[199],"act":[201],"selectively":[202],"on":[203],"specific":[204],"neurotransmitter":[205],"systems.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}