{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2423736770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26530/oapen_610992","title":"History of Water Supply and Governance in Kenya (1895-2005) Lessons and Futures","display_name":"History of Water Supply and Governance in Kenya (1895-2005) Lessons and Futures","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2423736770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26530/oapen_610992","mag":"2423736770"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.26530/oapen_610992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26530/oapen_610992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26530/oapen_610992","pdf_url":"http://oapen.org/download?type=document&docid=610992","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306480433","display_name":"Tampere University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"monograph"},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://oapen.org/download?type=document&docid=610992","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019181016","display_name":"Ezekiel Nyangeri Nyanchaga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ezekiel Nyangeri Nyanchaga","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019181016"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6889,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87443415,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12248","display_name":"Water Governance and Infrastructure","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12248","display_name":"Water Governance and Infrastructure","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14160","display_name":"Water management and technologies","score":0.049400001764297485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14232","display_name":"Water Resource Management and Quality","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-water-supply","display_name":"water supply history","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-governance","display_name":"water governance","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenya","display_name":"Kenya","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-resources-development","display_name":"water resources development","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-legislation","display_name":"water legislation","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-policy","display_name":"water policy","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-resources-management","display_name":"water resources management","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-supply-technology","display_name":"water supply technology","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-sector-reform","display_name":"water sector reform","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development-partners","display_name":"development partners","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/railway-water-supply","display_name":"railway water supply","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrastructure-development","display_name":"infrastructure development","score":0.6190000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106306483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183984","display_name":"Futures contract","level":2,"score":0.9071794152259827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.7409756183624268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.46715396642684937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97053079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061108","display_name":"Water supply","level":2,"score":0.4176780581474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3661467432975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.17073902487754822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.1498607099056244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.051197171211242676}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.26530/oapen_610992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26530/oapen_610992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26530/oapen_610992","pdf_url":"http://oapen.org/download?type=document&docid=610992","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306480433","display_name":"Tampere University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"monograph"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tampub.uta.fi:10024/99335","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://tampub.uta.fi/handle/10024/99335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401860","display_name":"Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I150589677","host_organization_name":"Tampere University of Applied Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150589677"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:directory.doabooks.org:20.500.12854/38101","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/38101","pdf_url":"https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/32426/1/610992.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400539","display_name":"Directory of Open access Books (OAPEN Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4387153118","host_organization_name":"OAPEN Foundation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153118"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-036024019","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/38101","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:biblioboard.com:c1813420-9da6-474a-b02a-f68d1522d0a7","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://openresearchlibrary.org/viewer/c1813420-9da6-474a-b02a-f68d1522d0a7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401131","display_name":"BiblioBoard Library Catalog (Open Research Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MODID-757285c565a:Tampere University Press","raw_type":"BOOK"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doab-books:19216","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.doabooks.org/doab?func=search&query=rid:19216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400539","display_name":"Directory of Open access Books (OAPEN Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4387153118","host_organization_name":"OAPEN Foundation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153118"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/99335","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/99335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401860","display_name":"Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I150589677","host_organization_name":"Tampere University of Applied Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150589677"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.26530/oapen_610992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26530/oapen_610992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26530/oapen_610992","pdf_url":"http://oapen.org/download?type=document&docid=610992","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306480433","display_name":"Tampere University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"monograph"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6601999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2423736770.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2423736770.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106294702","https://openalex.org/W7059927651","https://openalex.org/W87526501","https://openalex.org/W2792073193","https://openalex.org/W4312575433","https://openalex.org/W2333029014","https://openalex.org/W3168025854","https://openalex.org/W102550958","https://openalex.org/W2750974613","https://openalex.org/W2749056797"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Change":[0],"of":[1,10,20,34,62,76,97,119,196,202,229,239,241,279,284,298,302,305,319,342,371,375],"technology,":[2],"there":[3],"appears":[4],"to":[5,22,51,94,125,136,173,182,188,211,296,308,359,365,417],"be":[6],"a":[7,39,350,399],"cyclic":[8],"use":[9,19,27],"technology":[11],"over":[12,172,187,219,418],"the":[13,48,53,66,70,74,77,83,123,134,138,157,163,168,174,176,193,207,220,230,236,270,314,317,353,361,367,383,391,404,412],"years;":[14],"this":[15],"is":[16,69,110,387],"demonstrated":[17],"by":[18,44,409,424],"reverting":[21],"technologies":[23],"that":[24,178,226],"were":[25,209],"in":[26,28,60,104,108,156,192,227,254,269,324,337,363,382,395,415],"between":[29,73,292],"1900s":[30],"along":[31],"1920.The":[32],"aspect":[33],"rain":[35],"water":[36,41,55,64,144,146,184,214,216,232,312,320,344,354,377,393,420],"harvesting":[37,264],"as":[38,47,257,349],"main":[40],"supply":[42,147,345,394,421],"was":[43,102,167,326,334,347],"2005":[45],"recommended":[46,103],"major":[49,58,351],"way":[50],"solve":[52],"endemic":[54],"problems":[56],"A":[57],"drawback":[59],"development":[61,368],"Kenya":[63,249,325,376],"sector,":[65],"history":[67],"demonstrates":[68],"time":[71,113],"span":[72],"realisation":[75],"problem":[78],"through":[79,153],"an":[80,111,388],"enquiry":[81],"and":[82,88,106,142,170,198,206,215,235,244,262,281,286,300,310,321,331,339,407],"implementation.In":[84],"some":[85],"instances,":[86],"decisions":[87],"recommendations":[89],"have":[90],"taken":[91],"thirty":[92],"years":[93],"implement.The":[95],"review":[96],"Water":[98,189,203],"Act":[99],"372":[100],"which":[101,130],"1972":[105],"implementation":[107],"2002":[109],"example.This":[112],"lapse":[114],"has":[115,250,288,379],"resulted":[116],"into":[117],"wastage":[118,297],"resources":[120,299],"when":[121],"redoing":[122],"studies":[124],"establish":[126],"similar":[127],"initial":[128],"findings":[129],"are":[131],"still":[132],"applicableIn":[133],"efforts":[135],"find":[137],"most":[139],"sufficient,":[140],"capable":[141],"dependable":[143],"undertaker,":[145],"docket":[148],"including":[149],"assets":[150],"changed":[151],"ownership":[152],"different":[154],"departments":[155],"process":[158,357],"dabbed":[159],"hand-over.The":[160],"Railways":[161],"under":[162],"Public":[164],"Works":[165],"Department":[166,191],"first":[169],"handed":[171,186],"municipalities,":[175],"municipalities":[177,205],"found":[179],"it":[180],"difficult":[181],"manage":[183,309],"supplies":[185],"Development":[190],"then":[194],"Ministry":[195,201],"Agriculture":[197],"later":[199],"on":[200,222,247],"Development.The":[204],"ministry":[208],"unable":[210],"effectively":[212],"handle":[213],"companies":[217],"took":[218],"management":[221],"behalf.The":[223],"author":[224],"regrets":[225],"spite":[228],"inherent":[231],"resource":[233],"limitations":[234],"high":[237],"degree":[238],"dependence":[240],"its":[242],"economy":[243],"social":[245],"wellbeing":[246],"water,":[248],"not":[251],"adequately":[252],"invested":[253],"infrastructures":[255],"such":[256],"dams,":[258],"pans,":[259],"boreholes,":[260],"pipelines":[261],"rainwater":[263],"for":[265],"many":[266],"years.The":[267],"weaknesses":[268],"current":[271],"institutional":[272],"framework":[273],"include":[274],"poor":[275,290],"organisational":[276],"structures,":[277],"lack":[278,304],"autonomy,":[280],"unclear":[282],"definition":[283],"roles":[285],"responsibilities.There":[287],"been":[289,380],"coordination":[291],"sector":[293,355,362,378],"institutions":[294],"leading":[295],"duplication":[301],"efforts,":[303],"adequate":[306],"skills":[307],"operate":[311],"supplies.By":[313],"year":[315],"2005,":[316],"situation":[318],"sanitation":[322],"services":[323],"far":[327],"from":[328,390,398],"satisfactory.Service":[329],"coverage":[330],"service":[332],"level":[333],"inadequate":[335],"both":[336],"urban":[338],"rural":[340],"areas.Performance":[341],"existing":[343],"systems":[346,422],"poor.However,":[348],"effort,":[352],"reform":[356],"started":[358],"reorganise":[360],"order":[364],"achieve":[366],"targets.":[369],"Why":[370],"my":[372],"interestThe":[373],"growth":[374],"phenomenal":[381],"last":[384],"one":[385],"century.It":[386],"evolution":[389],"earliest":[392],"Nairobi":[396],"sourced":[397],"small":[400],"concrete":[401],"dam":[402],"within":[403],"Chiromo":[405],"Estate":[406],"piped":[408],"gravitation":[410],"towards":[411],"railway":[413],"land":[414],"1899":[416],"1500":[419],"managed":[423],"various":[425],"agencies":[426]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
