{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2422355776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20160248","title":"Strategic Formulary Design in Medicare Part D Plans","display_name":"Strategic Formulary Design in Medicare Part D Plans","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2422355776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20160248","mag":"2422355776","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30662681","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6335045"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1257/pol.20160248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20160248","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20160248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158011328","display_name":"American Economic Journal Economic Policy","issn_l":"1945-7731","issn":["1945-7731","1945-774X","1945-7812"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Economic Journal: Economic Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6335045","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026904264","display_name":"Kurt Lavetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7126-0366","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7126-0366"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kurt Lavetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Ohio State University, 1945 N. High Street, Columbus, OH (email: )"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Ohio State University, 1945 N. High Street, Columbus, OH (email: )","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088495469","display_name":"Kosali Ilayperuma Simon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3231-1466","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3231-1466"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kosali Simon","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, 1315 E. Tenth Street, Bloomington, IN 47405 and NBER (e-mail: )"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, 1315 E. Tenth Street, Bloomington, IN 47405 and NBER (e-mail: )","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3402,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97280064,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"154","last_page":"192"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.008899999782443047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicare-part-d","display_name":"Medicare Part D","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-health-plan","display_name":"integrated health plans","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-selection","display_name":"adverse selection","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-insurance","display_name":"health insurance","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurance-incentives","display_name":"insurance incentives","score":0.3199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100406419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3543802","display_name":"Formulary","level":2,"score":0.9826655387878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.6594642400741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6378167867660522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5795249938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5257806777954102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191015642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132459","display_name":"Fragmentation (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5084008574485779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6806635","display_name":"Medicare Part D","level":4,"score":0.4973130524158478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32252159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380037","display_name":"Adverse selection","level":2,"score":0.4370344877243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778858636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643563","display_name":"Prescription drug","level":3,"score":0.3072711229324341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2069987654685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20085281133651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.16130176186561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.11775490641593933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1095312237739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.08656314015388489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.07232251763343811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1257/pol.20160248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20160248","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20160248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158011328","display_name":"American Economic Journal Economic Policy","issn_l":"1945-7731","issn":["1945-7731","1945-774X","1945-7812"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Economic Journal: Economic Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30662681","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30662681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American economic journal. Economic policy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5310347","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6335045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6335045","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6335045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Am Econ J Econ Policy","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:aea:aejpol:v:10:y:2018:i:3:p:154-92","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/pol.20160248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iu.tind.io:1227","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://iu.tind.io/record/1227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402656","display_name":"IUScholarWorks Open (Indiana University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I592451","host_organization_name":"Indiana University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://iu.tind.io/record/1227","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5310347","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6335045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7201235734","display_name":"Differences In Incentives Between Stand Alone Medicare Drug Coverage vs Medicare","funder_award_id":"R03AG033211","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49401168","https://openalex.org/W112407400","https://openalex.org/W1976663609","https://openalex.org/W1990922874","https://openalex.org/W1994153666","https://openalex.org/W2001728297","https://openalex.org/W2002567615","https://openalex.org/W2025547074","https://openalex.org/W2066724335","https://openalex.org/W2066817455","https://openalex.org/W2093174400","https://openalex.org/W2121034459","https://openalex.org/W2123460755","https://openalex.org/W2151869210","https://openalex.org/W2157452732","https://openalex.org/W2160254216","https://openalex.org/W2321317700","https://openalex.org/W2396915211","https://openalex.org/W2559764134","https://openalex.org/W2772099019","https://openalex.org/W3121763310","https://openalex.org/W3121957476","https://openalex.org/W3122014096","https://openalex.org/W3123503379","https://openalex.org/W3124891778","https://openalex.org/W3126016656","https://openalex.org/W4213270426","https://openalex.org/W4248964662"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2185531511","https://openalex.org/W2028752983","https://openalex.org/W7100926277","https://openalex.org/W1617089011","https://openalex.org/W3125183276","https://openalex.org/W1712187176","https://openalex.org/W2792321990","https://openalex.org/W2413410679","https://openalex.org/W2074694275","https://openalex.org/W1484512112"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"design":[1,81],"of":[2,32,43,82],"Medicare":[3,86],"Part":[4,87],"D":[5],"causes":[6],"most":[7],"beneficiaries":[8],"to":[9,50,54,65],"receive":[10],"fragmented":[11],"health":[12],"insurance,":[13],"with":[14],"drug":[15,63],"and":[16,37,89],"medical":[17,75],"coverage":[18],"separated.":[19],"Fragmentation":[20,42],"is":[21],"potentially":[22],"inefficient":[23],"since":[24],"separate":[25],"insurers":[26],"optimize":[27],"over":[28],"only":[29,44],"one":[30],"component":[31],"healthcare":[33,40],"spending,":[34],"despite":[35],"complementarities":[36],"substitutabilities":[38],"between":[39],"types.":[41],"some":[45],"plans":[46,60,84],"can":[47],"also":[48],"lead":[49],"market":[51],"distortions":[52],"due":[53],"differential":[55],"adverse":[56],"selection,":[57],"as":[58],"integrated":[59],"may":[61],"use":[62],"formularies":[64,92],"induce":[66],"enrollment":[67],"by":[68],"patients":[69],"that":[70,91],"are":[71],"profitable":[72],"in":[73,85,97],"the":[74,80],"insurance":[76,83],"market.":[77],"We":[78],"study":[79],"D,":[88],"find":[90],"reflects":[93],"these":[94],"two":[95],"differences":[96],"incentives.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}