{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2421986308","doi":null,"title":"[Clinico-radiologic problems in the study of the male breast in gynecomastia].","display_name":"[Clinico-radiologic problems in the study of the male breast in gynecomastia].","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2421986308","mag":"2421986308","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9636726"},"language":"it","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:9636726","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9636726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"La Radiologia medica","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109289647","display_name":"Enrico Bock","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103320735","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","ror":"https://ror.org/03h7r5v07","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Bock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Radiologia, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma. iclrx@rm.unicatt.it","Istituto di Radiologia, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Radiologia, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma. iclrx@rm.unicatt.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Radiologia, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"C Bock","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Bock","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071208384","display_name":"Paolo Campioni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7275-7358","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7275-7358"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P Campioni","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068642918","display_name":"Stefania Goletti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Goletti","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114074291","display_name":"G Pastore","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Pastore","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112296434","display_name":"M. Romani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Romani","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1851,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59441484,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"95","issue":"1-2","first_page":"44","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13097","display_name":"Male Breast Health Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13097","display_name":"Male Breast Health Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11134","display_name":"Breast Lesions and Carcinomas","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11069","display_name":"Testicular diseases and treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gynecomastia","display_name":"gynecomastia","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/male-breast-cancer","display_name":"male breast cancer","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mammography","display_name":"mammography","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-ultrasound","display_name":"breast ultrasound","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benign-versus-malignant-differentiation","display_name":"benign versus malignant differentiation","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-inflammation","display_name":"breast inflammation","score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-metastasis","display_name":"breast metastasis","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-accuracy","display_name":"diagnostic accuracy","score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idiopathic-gynecomastia","display_name":"idiopathic gynecomastia","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-adenocarcinoma","display_name":"breast adenocarcinoma","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-carcinoma-in-situ","display_name":"breast cancer in situ","score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"breast cancer","score":0.7480000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9650119543075562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777691561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339221","display_name":"Gynecomastia","level":2,"score":0.7759851217269897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777396416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6742919","display_name":"Male breast cancer","level":4,"score":0.6612504720687866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.5938252806663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324634","display_name":"Mammography","level":4,"score":0.5885393023490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.5636153221130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780849966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170758","display_name":"Lymph node","level":2,"score":0.4539390504360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778488947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4959798","display_name":"Breast enlargement","level":2,"score":0.45378634333610535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779013556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181876","display_name":"Metastasis","level":3,"score":0.4159132242202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.38738203048706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.2765466570854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.2688182592391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.21869710087776184}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003937","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Differential","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006177","descriptor_name":"Gynecomastia","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:9636726","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9636726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"La Radiologia medica","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sfera.unife.it:11392/1698531","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11392/1698531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400369","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","host_organization_name":"University of Ferrara","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:2421986308","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9636726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6986669743","https://openalex.org/W4240520346","https://openalex.org/W2792247594","https://openalex.org/W202768775","https://openalex.org/W2993168678","https://openalex.org/W1485320946","https://openalex.org/W2008686019","https://openalex.org/W2183607036","https://openalex.org/W1992460653","https://openalex.org/W2214702748"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Gynecomasty":[1,26],"is":[2,27,40,50,71,97,300],"usually":[3,79],"classified":[4,16],"as":[5,17,81],"normal":[6],"of":[7,12,103,125,166,187,215,231,238,249,269,289,313],"abnormal,":[8],"except":[9],"for":[10,117],"25%":[11],"cases":[13,167,213,230],"which":[14],"are":[15,325],"idiopathic":[18],"because":[19],"their":[20],"causes":[21],"and":[22,90,148,168,200,220,234,260,267,280,285,331,343,348],"pathogenesis":[23],"remain":[24],"unknown.":[25],"diagnosed":[28],"mainly":[29],"on":[30],"clinical":[31],"grounds,":[32],"while":[33,319],"integrated":[34,352],"imaging,":[35],"sometimes":[36],"combined":[37],"with":[38,91,99,122,142,153,176,204,306,309,353],"cytology,":[39],"used":[41],"to":[42,52,138,149,327],"distinguish":[43,328],"benign":[44,330],"from":[45,241],"malignant":[46,202,226,346],"forms.":[47],"Bilateral":[48],"gynecomasty":[49,70,100,246,299],"easy":[51,302],"diagnose,":[53],"especially":[54,339],"when":[55],"patients":[56,121,135,189,194,247,305],"report":[57],"assuming":[58],"particular":[59],"drugs":[60],"or":[61,68,178,316,322,355],"present":[62],"other":[63],"risk":[64],"factors,":[65,318],"but":[66],"unilateral":[67,83,163,225,239,321],"asymmetrical":[69,323],"a":[72,82,143,201,254,274,294,310],"diagnostic":[73],"problem.":[74],"Primary":[75],"male":[76],"breast":[77,118,126],"cancer":[78],"presents":[80],"hard":[84],"mass,":[85],"often":[86],"infiltrating":[87],"the":[88,120,182,250,270,290,304],"dermis":[89],"early":[92],"lymph":[93],"node":[94],"metastases;":[95],"it":[96],"associated":[98,314],"in":[101,131,164,170,185,218,222,258,262,278,282,303,340,344],"20%":[102],"cases.":[104],"MATERIAL":[105],"AND":[106],"METHODS:":[107],"We":[108],"examined":[109],"76":[110,188],"men":[111],"(age":[112],"range,":[113],"15-75":[114],"years)":[115],"referred":[116],"enlargement;":[119],"radiologic":[123,173,334],"findings":[124,210],"adiposis":[127],"were":[128,136],"not":[129],"included":[130],"our":[132],"series.":[133],"All":[134],"submitted":[137],"standard":[139],"projection":[140],"mammography":[141],"high":[144,154],"resolution":[145],"dedicated":[146],"film":[147],"real":[150],"time":[151],"US":[152],"frequency":[155],"probes":[156],"(7.5-12":[157],"MHz).":[158],"RESULTS:":[159],"Breast":[160],"enlargement":[161],"was":[162],"48%":[165],"bilateral":[169,221,261,281,307],"52%.":[171],"The":[172,191,333],"patterns,":[174],"compared":[175],"histologic":[177],"clinical-therapeutic":[179],"follow-up,":[180],"permitted":[181],"correct":[183],"diagnosis":[184],"72":[186],"(94%).":[190],"extant":[192],"four":[193],"had":[195,253,273,293],"chronic":[196,341],"inflammation":[197,232,342],"(3":[198],"cases)":[199,284],"tumor":[203],"questionable":[205,338],"imaging":[206,209],"features.":[207],"Overall":[208],"were:":[211],"55":[212],"(72%)":[214],"actual":[216,245],"gynecomasty--unilateral":[217],"17":[219],"38":[223],"cases--9":[224],"tumors":[227],"(12%),":[228],"eleven":[229],"(14%)":[233],"1":[235],"case":[236],"(2%)":[237],"metastasis":[240],"plasmocytoma.":[242],"Sixteen":[243],"(29%)":[244],"(21%":[248],"whole":[251,271,291],"series)":[252,272,292],"nodular":[255],"form":[256,276],"(unilateral":[257,277],"6":[259],"10":[263],"cases),":[264],"23":[265],"(42%":[266],"30%":[268],"dendritic":[275],"7":[279],"16":[283,286],"(29%,":[287],"21%":[288],"glandular":[295],"form.":[296],"CONCLUSIONS:":[297],"Diagnosing":[298],"relatively":[301],"forms":[308,324,347],"positive":[311],"history":[312],"exogenous":[315],"endogenous":[317],"focal":[320],"difficult":[326],"into":[329],"malignant.":[332],"pattern":[335],"may":[336],"be":[337,351],"some":[345],"must":[349],"therefore":[350],"cytologic":[354],"surgical":[356],"findings.":[357]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}