{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2421885103","doi":null,"title":"The use of probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: two case reports.","display_name":"The use of probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: two case reports.","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2421885103","mag":"2421885103","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16053123"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:16053123","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16053123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","raw_type":"Case Reports"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048656180","display_name":"Steven M. Faber","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Faber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Metagenics, Inc., Gig Harbor, Wash, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metagenics, Inc., Gig Harbor, Wash, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039757528","display_name":"Scott Rigden","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Rigden","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052353645","display_name":"Dan Lukaczer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Lukaczer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.742,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73028513,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"60","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10365","display_name":"Gastrointestinal motility and disorders","score":0.9359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10365","display_name":"Gastrointestinal motility and disorders","score":0.9359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10141","display_name":"Probiotics and Fermented Foods","score":0.050200000405311584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10066","display_name":"Gut microbiota and health","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irritable-bowel-syndrome","display_name":"irritable bowel syndrome","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probiotics","display_name":"probiotics","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactobacillus-acidophilus","display_name":"Lactobacillus acidophilus","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lacticaseibacillus-casei","display_name":"Lactobacillus casei","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lacticaseibacillus-rhamnosus","display_name":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonic-microbiota","display_name":"colonic microbiota","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dysbiosis","display_name":"dysbiosis","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bifidobacterium","display_name":"Bifidobacterium","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enterobacteriaceae","display_name":"Enterobacteriaceae","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-fermentation","display_name":"gas fermentation","score":0.5070000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778271842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838966","display_name":"Irritable bowel syndrome","level":2,"score":0.9126880168914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.6333285570144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6212393641471863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910850605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210352","display_name":"Mucosal inflammation","level":3,"score":0.531053364276886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.512148380279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5077148675918579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.49944615364074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.4807265102863312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780206646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061596","display_name":"Lactobacillus","level":3,"score":0.4611765146255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.21516403555870056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.1438334882259369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12934944033622742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001644","descriptor_name":"Bifidobacterium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007779","descriptor_name":"Lactobacillus acidophilus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019936","descriptor_name":"Probiotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D043183","descriptor_name":"Irritable Bowel Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D043183","descriptor_name":"Irritable Bowel Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:16053123","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16053123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","raw_type":"Case Reports"},{"id":"mag:2421885103","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16053123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76134149","https://openalex.org/W105760296","https://openalex.org/W1487605574","https://openalex.org/W1958324687","https://openalex.org/W1968528184","https://openalex.org/W1977907198","https://openalex.org/W1990921715","https://openalex.org/W2010235735","https://openalex.org/W2015173098","https://openalex.org/W2043862537","https://openalex.org/W2049952239","https://openalex.org/W2051426620","https://openalex.org/W2059455849","https://openalex.org/W2070888548","https://openalex.org/W2083325871","https://openalex.org/W2094455029","https://openalex.org/W2096023882","https://openalex.org/W2118728731","https://openalex.org/W2130168944","https://openalex.org/W2140157038","https://openalex.org/W2140703378","https://openalex.org/W2397640922","https://openalex.org/W2399492967","https://openalex.org/W4248627171"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7062336345","https://openalex.org/W7043844731","https://openalex.org/W2094348990","https://openalex.org/W1997121702","https://openalex.org/W1597376170","https://openalex.org/W3147263035","https://openalex.org/W4391601681","https://openalex.org/W2292825053","https://openalex.org/W2090988461","https://openalex.org/W2064849129"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"THE":[0],"USE":[1],"OF":[2],"PROBIOTICS":[3],"FOR":[4],"IRRITABLE":[5],"BOWEL":[6],"SYNDROME":[7],"Researchers":[8],"have":[9,146,298,382],"noted":[10],"a":[11,19,38,87,153,164,242,259,294,314,390,397,410],"correlation":[12],"between":[13],"the":[14,25,41,45,57,72,103,113,119,127,147,157,184,228,277,284,302,350,373],"onset":[15],"of":[16,22,28,44,59,68,75,89,159,186,194,232,237,261,268,271,286,296,316,327,331,337,345,349,356,360,400,442],"IBS":[17,77,90,137,171,200,217,262,394],"and":[18,48,56,79,99,111,124,192,210,230,334,340,438],"recent":[20,26],"episode":[21],"gastroenteritis":[23],"or":[24],"use":[27],"antibiotics.":[29],"It":[30,369],"has":[31],"been":[32,299],"postulated":[33,223],"that":[34,81,105,132,179,193,241,266,363,376,412],"this":[35,238,287],"antecedent":[36],"causes":[37],"disruption":[39],"in":[40,71,86,156,168,199,213,258,301,309,347,393,409,421,424,432,435,448],"qualitative":[42],"nature":[43],"colonic":[46],"microflora":[47,133,278],"may":[49,107,138,224,252,275],"predispose":[50],"an":[51,65,254,357],"individual":[52],"to":[53,126,163,173,181,219],"low-level":[54],"inflammation":[55,106],"development":[58],"IBS.":[60],"Collins":[61],"et":[62,150,176,204,387],"al":[63,151,177,205,388],"reported":[64,152,178,206,300,306,343,389],"increased":[66,198,207],"number":[67,158,185],"inflammatory":[69,120],"cells":[70],"intestinal":[73],"mucosa":[74],"some":[76],"patients,":[78],"suggested":[80],"these":[82],"flora":[83],"alterations":[84],"result":[85],"subgroup":[88],"sufferers":[91],"who":[92,143],"had":[93],"\u201cminimal":[94],"mucosal":[95],"inflammation.\u201d":[96],"Other":[97],"human":[98],"animal":[100],"studies":[101,297,318],"support":[102],"concept":[104],"disturb":[108],"gastrointestinal":[109],"reflexes":[110],"activate":[112],"visceral":[114],"sensory":[115],"system":[116],"even":[117],"when":[118,311],"response":[121],"is":[122,280,420,431],"minimal":[123],"confined":[125],"mucosa.":[128],"Evidence":[129],"also":[130],"suggests":[131],"from":[134,141,319],"patients":[135,169,214],"with":[136,170,216,227,353],"differ":[139],"quantitatively":[140],"those":[142],"do":[144],"not":[145,281,371],"syndrome.":[148],"Balsari":[149],"significant":[154],"decrease":[155],"coliforms,":[160],"lactobacilli,":[161],"and,":[162],"lesser":[165],"extent,":[166],"bifidobacteria":[167,188],"compared":[172,180,218],"controls.":[174],"Si":[175],"matched":[182],"controls,":[183,220],"fecal":[187],"was":[189,196,308,370,413],"significantly":[190,197],"decreased":[191],"Enterobacteriaceae":[195],"sufferers.":[201,263],"Additionally,":[202],"King":[203],"gas":[208,211],"fermentation":[209],"production":[212],"diagnosed":[215],"which":[221],"they":[222],"be":[225,253],"associated":[226],"level":[229],"activity":[231],"hydrogen-consuming":[233],"bacteria.":[234],"The":[235,264,304],"results":[236],"research":[239],"suggest":[240],"changed":[243],"bacterial":[244],"population,":[245],"possibly":[246],"qualitatively":[247],"as":[248,250],"well":[249],"quantitatively,":[251],"underlying":[255],"etiological":[256],"factor":[257],"subset":[260],"idea":[265],"reinoculation":[267],"specific":[269,398],"strains":[270],"bacteria":[272],"(ie,":[273],"probiotics)":[274],"improve":[276],"imbalance":[279],"new.":[282],"Although":[283],"history":[285],"treatment":[288],"dates":[289],"back":[290],"50":[291],"years,":[292],"only":[293],"handful":[295],"literature.":[303],"earliest":[305],"publication":[307],"1955,":[310],"Winkelstein":[312],"compiled":[313],"series":[315],"case":[317],"his":[320],"private":[321,422,433],"practice.":[322],"These":[323],"included":[324],"26":[325],"cases":[326,330,336,352],"constipation,":[328],"five":[329],"\u201cfunctional\u201d":[332],"diarrhea,":[333],"four":[335],"alternating":[338],"diarrhea":[339],"constipation.":[341],"He":[342],"resolution":[344],"symptoms":[346,395],"33":[348],"35":[351],"daily":[354],"administration":[355],"unidentified":[358],"strain":[359,399],"Lactobacillus":[361],"acidophilus":[362,402],"contained":[364],"100":[365],"billion":[366],"live":[367],"organisms.":[368],"until":[372],"1980s,":[374],"however,":[375],"controlled":[377],"trials":[378],"were":[379],"conducted.":[380],"They":[381],"shown":[383],"mixed":[384],"results.":[385],"Halpern":[386],"modest":[391],"improvement":[392],"using":[396],"L":[401],"(Lacteol":[403],"Fort,":[404],"Axcan":[405],"Pharma)":[406],"versus":[407],"placebo":[408],"study":[411],"conducted":[414],"on":[415],"Steven":[416],"Faber,":[417],"MD,":[418,430],"FACG,":[419],"practice":[423,434],"Elizabeth":[425],"City,":[426],"NC,":[427],"Scott":[428],"Rigden,":[429],"Tempe,":[436],"Ariz,":[437],"Dan":[439],"Lukaczer":[440],"Director":[441],"Clinical":[443],"Research":[444],"for":[445],"Metagenics,":[446],"Inc":[447],"Gig":[449],"Harbor,":[450],"Wash.":[451],"(Altern":[452],"Ther":[453],"Health":[454],"Med.":[455],"2005;11(4):60-62.)":[456]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}