{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2419787400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000144","title":"Suffering and compassion: The links among adverse life experiences, empathy, compassion, and prosocial behavior.","display_name":"Suffering and compassion: The links among adverse life experiences, empathy, compassion, and prosocial behavior.","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2419787400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000144","mag":"2419787400","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26751630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/emo0000144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000144","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118198609","display_name":"Emotion","issn_l":"1528-3542","issn":["1528-3542","1931-1516"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Emotion","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011539432","display_name":"Daniel Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7742-8721","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7742-8721"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Northeastern University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Northeastern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065458845","display_name":"David A. DeSteno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0371-5936","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0371-5936"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David DeSteno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Northeastern University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Northeastern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.9335,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":302,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99678555,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"175","last_page":"182"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12313","display_name":"Emotions and Moral Behavior","score":0.3792000114917755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12313","display_name":"Emotions and Moral Behavior","score":0.3792000114917755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10475","display_name":"Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction","score":0.1679999977350235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11761","display_name":"Resilience and Mental Health","score":0.09969999641180038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversity","display_name":"adversity","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empathy","display_name":"empathy","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compassion","display_name":"compassion","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prosocial-behavior","display_name":"prosocial behavior","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/helping-behavior","display_name":"helping behavior","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charitable-giving","display_name":"charitable giving","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/helping-strangers","display_name":"helping strangers","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"resilience","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-differences","display_name":"individual differences","score":0.5759999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263","display_name":"Empathy","level":2,"score":0.8676083087921143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8507194519042969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158608086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990613","display_name":"Prosocial behavior","level":2,"score":0.8115688562393188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777432744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412160","display_name":"Compassion","level":2,"score":0.7428799271583557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.6199805736541748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780279448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2559380","display_name":"Altruism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5360859036445618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207546712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5710255","display_name":"Helping behavior","level":2,"score":0.4660986661911011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4582289159297943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.42600953578948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3791585862636566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3611682653427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000066498","descriptor_name":"Emotional Adjustment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003299","descriptor_name":"Cooperative Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004645","descriptor_name":"Empathy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006379","descriptor_name":"Helping Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007206","descriptor_name":"Individuality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008016","descriptor_name":"Life Change Events","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013315","descriptor_name":"Stress, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/emo0000144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000144","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118198609","display_name":"Emotion","issn_l":"1528-3542","issn":["1528-3542","1931-1516"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Emotion","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26751630","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26751630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Emotion (Washington, D.C.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85091029","https://openalex.org/W152236031","https://openalex.org/W189929531","https://openalex.org/W1720881856","https://openalex.org/W1910581789","https://openalex.org/W1948506411","https://openalex.org/W1968516998","https://openalex.org/W1973247282","https://openalex.org/W1995296289","https://openalex.org/W1998187122","https://openalex.org/W2003002802","https://openalex.org/W2015145886","https://openalex.org/W2030561037","https://openalex.org/W2036429970","https://openalex.org/W2043375290","https://openalex.org/W2045565604","https://openalex.org/W2062194958","https://openalex.org/W2062895366","https://openalex.org/W2062907828","https://openalex.org/W2063436078","https://openalex.org/W2065872378","https://openalex.org/W2075170403","https://openalex.org/W2088042310","https://openalex.org/W2088728958","https://openalex.org/W2096423553","https://openalex.org/W2105715407","https://openalex.org/W2112726096","https://openalex.org/W2114751788","https://openalex.org/W2114836768","https://openalex.org/W2118304798","https://openalex.org/W2119435874","https://openalex.org/W2125126318","https://openalex.org/W2125793121","https://openalex.org/W2130881243","https://openalex.org/W2131946459","https://openalex.org/W2144385324","https://openalex.org/W2148616640","https://openalex.org/W2153348579","https://openalex.org/W2170870614","https://openalex.org/W2280118254","https://openalex.org/W2319374487","https://openalex.org/W3125281424","https://openalex.org/W3126088866"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2767656554","https://openalex.org/W4290804192","https://openalex.org/W2967944679","https://openalex.org/W2894872042","https://openalex.org/W4400328301","https://openalex.org/W2900435708","https://openalex.org/W6989055305","https://openalex.org/W7170061537","https://openalex.org/W2062194958","https://openalex.org/W2955071592"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Experiencing":[0],"past":[1,50,95],"adversity":[2,23,27,51,96],"traditionally":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"linked":[6,72,104],"to":[7,20,44,73,76,105,109,128,133],"negative":[8],"life":[9],"outcomes.":[10],"However,":[11],"emerging":[12],"evidence":[13],"suggests":[14],"that":[15,91,120],"heterogeneity":[16],"exists":[17],"with":[18,26,54],"respect":[19],"links":[21],"between":[22],"and":[24,85],"resilience,":[25],"often":[28],"enhancing":[29],"cooperation":[30],"in":[31,70,101,114,125],"the":[32,38,47,65,78,88,121],"face":[33],"of":[34,49,80,94],"joint":[35],"suffering.":[36],"Here,":[37],"authors":[39,89],"present":[40],"2":[41],"studies":[42],"designed":[43],"examine":[45],"if":[46,62],"severity":[48,93],"is":[52,103],"associated":[53],"an":[55],"enduring":[56],"propensity":[57],"for":[58,112],"empathy-mediated":[59],"compassion,":[60],"and,":[61],"so,":[63],"whether":[64],"resulting":[66,122],"compassion":[67,111,126],"directly":[68],"is,":[69],"turn,":[71,102],"behavior":[74],"meant":[75,132],"relieve":[77],"suffering":[79],"others.":[81],"Using":[82],"both":[83],"MTurk":[84],"laboratory-based":[86],"paradigms,":[87],"find":[90],"increasing":[92],"predicts":[97],"increased":[98],"empathy,":[99],"which":[100],"a":[106,140],"stable":[107],"tendency":[108],"feel":[110],"others":[113,135],"need.":[115],"In":[116],"addition,":[117],"they":[118],"demonstrate":[119],"individual":[123],"differences":[124],"appear":[127],"engender":[129],"behavioral":[130],"responses":[131],"assist":[134],"(i.e.,":[136],"charitable":[137],"giving,":[138],"helping":[139],"stranger).":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}