{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2418630673","doi":null,"title":"Modafinil: the unique properties of a new stimulant.","display_name":"Modafinil: the unique properties of a new stimulant.","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2418630673","mag":"2418630673","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1675850"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:1675850","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1675850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Aviation, space, and environmental medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"T J Lyons","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089612","display_name":"United States Air Force","ror":"https://ror.org/006gmme17","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T J Lyons","raw_affiliation_strings":["Headquarters USAF Human Systems Division, Brooks Air Force Base, TX 78235"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Headquarters USAF Human Systems Division, Brooks Air Force Base, TX 78235","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089612"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J French","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J French","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.899,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.771261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"5","first_page":"432","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10985","display_name":"Sleep and Wakefulness Research","score":0.03669999912381172,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modafinil","display_name":"modafinil","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulants","display_name":"stimulants","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narcolepsy","display_name":"narcolepsy","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idiopathic-hypersomnia","display_name":"idiopathic hypersomnia","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustained-attention","display_name":"sustained attention","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-deprivation","display_name":"sleep deprivation","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fatigue","display_name":"fatigue","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abuse-potential","display_name":"abuse liability","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tolerance-pharmacology-and-immunology","display_name":"tolerance (pharmacology and immunology)","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-1-adrenergic-agonists","display_name":"alpha-1 adrenergic agonists","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-performance","display_name":"military performance","score":0.6320000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780714222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410441","display_name":"Modafinil","level":2,"score":0.9979487061500549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779494582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189561","display_name":"Narcolepsy","level":3,"score":0.9535875916481018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780557958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211036","display_name":"Stimulant","level":2,"score":0.8984954357147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777193897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179452","display_name":"Amphetamine","level":3,"score":0.7007982134819031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192769605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418914","display_name":"Vigilance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.645205020904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779320081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246710","display_name":"Wakefulness","level":3,"score":0.5371013879776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.49966979026794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910720111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364801","display_name":"Sleep loss","level":4,"score":0.4538818299770355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780163352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944473","display_name":"Cataplexy","level":4,"score":0.44177743792533875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4242584705352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.42154020071029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.4004480242729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778329153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364801","display_name":"Sleep deprivation","level":3,"score":0.3889774680137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.22401383519172668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.1266365945339203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.10869631171226501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077408","descriptor_name":"Modafinil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000697","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System Stimulants","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000697","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System Stimulants","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000697","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System Stimulants","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001559","descriptor_name":"Benzhydryl Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001559","descriptor_name":"Benzhydryl Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001559","descriptor_name":"Benzhydryl Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012893","descriptor_name":"Sleep Wake Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:1675850","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1675850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Aviation, space, and environmental medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2418630673","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1675850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987840260","https://openalex.org/W2021176697","https://openalex.org/W2048146754","https://openalex.org/W2414263756","https://openalex.org/W2416409323","https://openalex.org/W2464190750","https://openalex.org/W2953536226"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2370683329","https://openalex.org/W2020055826","https://openalex.org/W2151237973","https://openalex.org/W184917373","https://openalex.org/W4301886739","https://openalex.org/W275683955","https://openalex.org/W1984354746","https://openalex.org/W2767299082","https://openalex.org/W2040590783","https://openalex.org/W147920684"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modafinil,":[0],"a":[1,20,46,108,124],"novel":[2],"stimulant":[3],"which":[4,100],"has":[5,15,71],"several":[6],"remarkable":[7],"features":[8],"that":[9,112],"distinguish":[10],"it":[11],"from":[12],"other":[13],"stimulants,":[14],"been":[16,72],"developed":[17],"by":[18],"Lafon,":[19],"French":[21],"pharmaceutical":[22],"company.":[23],"Unlike":[24],"the":[25,81,104],"amphetamines,":[26],"for":[27,75,94],"example,":[28],"modafinil":[29,121],"is":[30],"reported":[31],"to":[32,44,60,77],"have":[33,45],"minimal":[34],"peripheral":[35],"side":[36],"effects":[37],"at":[38],"therapeutic":[39],"doses.":[40],"It":[41,63,70,88],"also":[42],"appears":[43],"low":[47],"abuse":[48],"potential,":[49],"does":[50,57],"not":[51,58],"interfere":[52],"with":[53],"normal":[54],"sleep,":[55],"and":[56,85],"seem":[59],"produce":[61],"tolerance.":[62],"improves":[64],"vigilance":[65],"especially":[66],"in":[67,80,96,99,116,131],"sleep-deprived":[68],"subjects.":[69],"used":[73],"clinically":[74],"up":[76],"3":[78],"years":[79],"treatment":[82],"of":[83,107],"narcolepsy":[84],"idiopathic":[86],"hypersomnia.":[87],"could":[89],"be":[90],"an":[91],"ideal":[92],"replacement":[93],"amphetamine":[95],"short-term":[97],"operations":[98],"fatigue":[101],"might":[102],"threaten":[103],"successful":[105],"completion":[106],"mission.":[109],"We":[110],"recommend":[111],"military":[113],"laboratories":[114],"experienced":[115],"studying":[117],"sustained":[118],"performance":[119],"include":[120],"or":[122],"perhaps":[123],"more":[125],"selective":[126],"alpha":[127],"1":[128],"receptor":[129],"agonist":[130],"their":[132],"investigations.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}