{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2418330833","doi":null,"title":"Predictors of Asthma and Persistent Wheeze in a National Sample of Children in the United States","display_name":"Predictors of Asthma and Persistent Wheeze in a National Sample of Children in the United States","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2418330833","mag":"2418330833"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2418330833","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1164/ajrccm/142.3.555","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046557560","display_name":"Joel David Schwartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6168-378X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6168-378X","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5232-9957","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0979-9432"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel Schwartz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012005963","display_name":"Diane R. Gold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8789-418X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8789-418X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diane R. Gold","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051635685","display_name":"Douglas W. Dockery","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6052-4880","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6052-4880"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas W. Dockery","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6052-4880","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073763243","display_name":"Scott T. Weiss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7196-303X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7196-303X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott T. Weiss","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108396352","display_name":"Frank E. Speizer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank E. Speizer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4251,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":172,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90311331,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12208","display_name":"Occupational exposure and asthma","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-asthma","display_name":"childhood asthma","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persistent-wheeze","display_name":"persistent wheezing","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-disparities","display_name":"racial disparities","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-children","display_name":"Black children","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-age","display_name":"maternal age","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birth-weight","display_name":"birth weight","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triceps-skinfold-thickness","display_name":"triceps skinfold thickness","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-income","display_name":"household income","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-residence","display_name":"urban residence","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrauterine-environment","display_name":"intrauterine environment","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-exposure","display_name":"environmental exposure","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty","display_name":"poverty","score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.621999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778338976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517104","display_name":"Wheeze","level":3,"score":0.8616034984588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.7977790832519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7474802136421204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.6902667284011841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5737600326538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5450234413146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.4644913971424103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.46361833810806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4128476","display_name":"Birth weight","level":3,"score":0.45391160249710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.4206888675689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.4129839241504669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.21510380506515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.205491840839386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.1588393747806549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.08253213763237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2418330833","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1164/ajrccm/142.3.555","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9922999739646912},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.5699999928474426}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603073494","https://openalex.org/W1486305788","https://openalex.org/W1853059972","https://openalex.org/W1915423072","https://openalex.org/W1965550996","https://openalex.org/W1987952600","https://openalex.org/W1998426655","https://openalex.org/W2038391971","https://openalex.org/W2043984517","https://openalex.org/W2056399479","https://openalex.org/W2068144026","https://openalex.org/W2077272910","https://openalex.org/W2079284592","https://openalex.org/W2080060395","https://openalex.org/W2084943073","https://openalex.org/W2092301595","https://openalex.org/W2096548921","https://openalex.org/W2108018229","https://openalex.org/W2119707200","https://openalex.org/W2122459914","https://openalex.org/W2140106475","https://openalex.org/W2161153352","https://openalex.org/W2415580132","https://openalex.org/W2517346518","https://openalex.org/W2792509547","https://openalex.org/W3085323863"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008358373","https://openalex.org/W2136112992","https://openalex.org/W1872953905","https://openalex.org/W4281399843","https://openalex.org/W2002456349","https://openalex.org/W2083461049","https://openalex.org/W1986708417","https://openalex.org/W2014639920","https://openalex.org/W2078996004","https://openalex.org/W2570638347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SUMMARY":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"analyzes":[3],"data":[4],"from":[5],"the":[6,44,81,137,148,244],"Second":[7],"National":[8],"Health":[9],"and":[10,32,54,66,79,143,163,209,233,260],"Nutritional":[11],"Examination":[12],"Survey":[13],"to":[14,22,39,92,102,174,271],"determine":[15],"whether":[16],"black":[17,88],"children":[18,36,53,89,94],"are":[19,277],"more":[20],"likely":[21],"have":[23],"asthma":[24,48,86,107,217,259],"or":[25],"wheeze,":[26],"even":[27],"after":[28,236,282],"adjusting":[29,157,237,283],"for":[30,47,87,147,158,218,238,258,284],"environmental":[31,272,286],"socioeconomic":[33],"exposures.":[34],"For":[35],"6":[37],"months":[38],"11":[40],"yr":[41],"of":[42,59,85,106,176,216,229,253,275],"age,":[43,78,114,131],"unadjusted":[45],"prevalence":[46,58],"was":[49,62,181],"3.0%":[50],"among":[51,56,64,68,264],"white":[52,93],"7.2%":[55],"blacks;":[57],"frequent":[60],"wheeze":[61,180,263],"6.2%":[63],"whites":[65],"9.3%":[67],"blacks.":[69],"In":[70,108,130,136,203,214,222,245,269],"a":[71,109,168,292],"logistic":[72,111],"regres\u00ad":[73],"sion":[74],"model":[75],"Including":[76],"race,":[77],"sex,":[80,164],"relative":[82],"odds":[83,215],"(RO)":[84],"as":[90],"compared":[91],"were":[95,289],"2.5":[96],"(95%":[97,171],"confidence":[98],"Interval":[99],"[CI),":[100],"1.9":[101],"3.4).":[103],"Other":[104],"predictors":[105],"stepwise":[110],"regression":[112],"Included":[113],"sex":[115,191],"(boys":[116,192],"versus":[117,150,186,193],"girls,":[118,194],"RO":[119,132,153,170,188,195,206,224],"=":[120,133,141,154,189,196,207],"1.4),":[121,134,208],"younger":[122],"maternal":[123],"age":[124,162,232],"(2":[125,200],"standard":[126],"deviation":[127],"[SO)":[128],"drop":[129],"residence":[135],"central":[138],"city":[139],"(RO":[140,146],"1.6),":[142,190],"family":[144],"Income":[145],"lowest":[149],"hlgheat":[151],"tertlle,":[152],"1.7).":[155],"After":[156],"these":[159,285],"risk":[160,257],"factors,":[161,287],"blackchildren":[165],"stili":[166,290],"had":[167],"1.7":[169],"CI,":[172],"1.2":[173],"2.1)":[175],"hevlng":[177],"asthma.":[178,254],"Frequent":[179],"associated":[182,278],"with":[183,279],"race":[184],"(black":[185],"white,":[187],"1.3),":[197],"birth":[198,204,234],"weight":[199,235],"SO":[201,220],"deficit":[202],"weight,":[205],"triceps":[210],"sklnfold":[211],"thickness":[212],"(Increase":[213],"2":[219],"Increase":[221],"sklnfold,":[223],"=1.6).":[225],"The":[226,255],"significant":[227],"effect":[228],"mater\u00ad":[230],"nal":[231],"other":[239],"confounding":[240],"verlebles":[241],"suggests":[242],"thet":[243],"utero":[246],"environment":[247],"may":[248,266],"be":[249,267],"an":[250],"Important":[251],"determinant":[252],"Increased":[256],"fre\u00ad":[261],"quent":[262],"blacks":[265,288],"due":[268],"part":[270],"exposures,":[273],"many":[274],"which":[276],"poverty,":[280],"but":[281],"at":[291],"significantly":[293],"higher":[294],"risk.":[295],"AM":[296],"REV":[297],"RESPIR":[298],"DIS":[299],"1990;":[300],"142:555-582":[301]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}