{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2417627008","doi":null,"title":"An assessment of the impact of entrepreneurship training on the youth in South Africa","display_name":"An assessment of the impact of entrepreneurship training on the youth in South Africa","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2417627008","mag":"2417627008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.nwu.ac.za:10394/9698","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9698","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104507416","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Gerard Steenekamp","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Gerard Steenekamp","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104507416"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.8442000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.8442000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13872","display_name":"Vocational and Entrepreneurial Education","score":0.1509999930858612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13762","display_name":"Education and Labor Relations","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurship-education","display_name":"entrepreneurship education","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-unemployment","display_name":"youth unemployment","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-and-medium-sized-enterprises","display_name":"small and medium-sized enterprises","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barriers-to-entrepreneurship","display_name":"barriers to entrepreneurship","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurial-motivation","display_name":"entrepreneurial motivation","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schumpeterian-theory","display_name":"Schumpeterian theory","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-empowerment","display_name":"youth empowerment","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty","display_name":"poverty","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"unemployment","score":0.3019999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.7104860544204712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.5514881014823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4349588453769684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.37379902601242065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.34361809492111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15895864367485046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.nwu.ac.za:10394/9698","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9698","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2417627008","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.nwu.ac.za/handle/10394/9698","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.8928999900817871,"display_name":"No poverty"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5385000109672546,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2616690928","https://openalex.org/W4404384463","https://openalex.org/W4386462691","https://openalex.org/W2314910565","https://openalex.org/W3117516758","https://openalex.org/W4311064495","https://openalex.org/W2524927983","https://openalex.org/W4405372501","https://openalex.org/W2994289265","https://openalex.org/W4410970398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"the":[1,5,12,16,41,110,118,126,129,137,164,180,196,202,208,212,219,224,254,259,277,294,300,322,327,332,337,346,354,359,377,383,391,400,416,472,488,491,499,527,544,592,600,608,614,619,627,633,638,644,651,682,698,707,710,730,749,754,761,768,773,795,837,840,866,873,904,914,917,948,954,978,981,994],"bottom":[2],"tip":[3],"of":[4,15,26,36,43,47,54,59,64,106,113,132,139,156,166,172,179,189,198,223,233,238,263,272,279,282,296,324,350,353,365,385,394,402,428,478,529,585,618,637,650,654,697,714,744,748,770,823,839,846,906,922,931,956,973,1007,1028],"African":[6,147,537,775,868,878,888],"continent":[7,17],"lies":[8],"South":[9,80,146,205,313,407,506,536,655,717,774,867,877,887,984],"Africa":[10,206,314,656,718,985],"-":[11,191,453],"economic":[13],"powerhouse":[14],"complimented":[18],"by":[19,357,388,497,604,693,819,1019],"its":[20,386,424,479],"rainbow":[21],"nation":[22],"with":[23,561,766,794,885,993],"a":[24,45,52,116,176,231,270,319,438,441,450,469,516,520,1024,1036],"myriad":[25],"cultures":[27],"and":[28,63,89,136,143,159,169,211,245,261,265,274,339,348,366,519,546,552,580,611,623,630,657,671,684,741,763,797,811,855,881,900,911,938,958,1032,1039,1044],"even":[29,1040],"more":[30,75,234,1041],"opportunities,":[31],"but":[32],"an":[33,395,403,820,961,968,1048],"equal":[34],"number":[35],"pressing":[37],"challenges:":[38],"Poverty,":[39],"inequality,":[40],"prevalence":[42],"HIV/AIDS,":[44],"shortage":[46],"skilled":[48],"people":[49,992],"(or":[50],"rather":[51],"surplus":[53],"unskilled":[55],"people),":[56],"poor":[57,130],"quality":[58,131],"basic":[60,946],"education,":[61],"unemployment,":[62],"particular":[65],"importance":[66],"for":[67,214,221,321,368,490,501,512,559,808,865,875,903,933,950,964],"this":[68,123,513,830,974],"study,":[69,602],"youth":[70,157,203,360,908],"unemployment.":[71],"In":[72],"September":[73],"2011":[74],"than":[76,235,942],"1.3":[77],"million":[78,91],"young":[79,533,562,991],"Africans":[81,408,662],"aged":[82,92,663],"15":[83,664],"to":[84,94,122,151,193,216,249,285,317,361,412,422,433,471,549,564,665,689,706,792,799,842,897,919,925,987,996,1034,1046],"24":[85],"years":[86,96,237,667],"were":[87,97,658,687],"unemployed,":[88],"1.85":[90],"25":[93],"34":[95],"without":[98],"jobs.":[99],"Combined":[100],"these":[101],"figures":[102],"represented":[103],"71":[104],"percent":[105],"total":[107,584],"unemployment":[108,158],"in":[109,145,187,204,242,253,276,331,345,382,474,494,505,535,591,599,607,613,626,632,643,746,753,829,913,935,945,983],"third":[111],"quarter":[112],"2011.":[114],"As":[115],"result,":[117],"problem":[119],"statement":[120],"central":[121],"study":[124,184,257,514,518,523,622,646,851,975],"is":[125,230,269,335,379,431,437,448,460,541,784,966,986],"expectation":[127],"that":[128,267,334,376,399,446,463,709,853,980],"general":[133,571],"(basic)":[134],"education":[135,142,430,504,880,910,937],"lack":[138],"purposive":[140,876,886],"entrepreneurship":[141,199,215,264,268,325,429,447,503,530,550,556,778,879,889,909,936,1015],"training":[144,200,531,882,912,939],"schools":[148,590],"will":[149],"continue":[150],"contribute":[152],"towards":[153],"high":[154,923],"levels":[155,171,281],"poverty,":[160],"as":[161,163,207,218,299,326,803,805],"well":[162,576,737,804],"proliferation":[165],"dysfunctional":[167],"communities":[168],"increased":[170],"state":[173],"dependency":[174],"among":[175,406,772],"large":[177],"part":[178,838],"country's":[181,225,355],"population.":[182],"This":[183,485,758,870],"set":[185],"out":[186],"search":[188],"answers":[190,192],"questions":[194],"regarding":[195],"impact":[197,481,528,728],"on":[201,482,525,532,729,786,836],"primary":[209],"objective":[210],"potential":[213],"serve":[217],"panacea":[220],"many":[222,352,410],"ills.":[226],"The":[227,256,309,372,426,443,508,676,703,850,971],"end":[228],"result":[229],"rendering":[232],"three":[236],"intensive":[239],"research":[240,493,510,551,756],"culminating":[241],"valid":[243],"conclusions":[244,893],"practical,":[246],"attainable":[247,901],"recommendations":[248,902],"promote":[250,286],"entrepreneurial":[251,305,567,569,731,733,816,962,969,998],"activity":[252],"country.":[255],"examines":[258],"theories":[260],"definitions":[262],"concludes":[266,445,852],"combination":[271],"opportunity":[273],"risk":[275],"presence":[278],"extraordinary":[280],"'want'":[283,834,1029],"(desire)":[284,835],"self-interest,":[287],"whether":[288,435,1008],"it":[289,436,454,464,783,1022],"being":[290,847],"monetary":[291],"reward":[292],"or":[293,440,725,1012],"attainment":[295],"personal":[297,575,736],"fulfillment,":[298],"main":[301,522,621,640,645],"motivational":[302],"factor":[303],"driving":[304],"behaviour":[306],"(Schumpeterian":[307],"theory).":[308],"contemporary":[310],"challenges":[311,762],"facing":[312],"are":[315,894,1002,1010],"expounded":[316],"create":[318,988],"platform":[320],"presentment":[323],"'magical":[328],"genie',":[329],"captured":[330],"'bottle'":[333,387],"mainly":[336,659],"small":[338],"medium":[340],"sized":[341],"enterprise":[342,771],"(SME)":[343],"sector":[344],"country,":[347,915],"capable":[349],"redressing":[351],"ills":[356],"empowering":[358],"take":[362],"both":[363,681],"charge":[364],"responsibility":[367],"their":[369],"own":[370],"future.":[371],"concomitant":[373],"discussion":[374,444],"shows":[375],"'genie'":[378,417],"held":[380],"firmly":[381],"confines":[384],"barriers":[389,764],"obstructing":[390],"free":[392],"flow":[393],"enterprising":[396,404,572],"spirit,":[397],"confirming":[398],"release":[401],"spirit":[405,769],"faces":[409],"obstacles":[411],"be":[413,419,456,467,780,863,1017],"overcome":[414],"before":[415],"can":[418,455,465,779,1016],"released":[420],"successfully":[421],"work":[423],"'magic'.":[425],"concept":[427],"examined":[432,752],"determine":[434],"reality":[439,470],"myth.":[442],"indeed":[449],"learnt":[451,1018],"phenomenon":[452],"taught":[457,781],"successfully.":[458],"It":[459,540,813],"put":[461],"forward":[462,977],"only":[466],"deemed":[468],"extent":[473],"which":[475],"measurable":[476],"evidence":[477],"positive":[480],"learners":[483,534,587,745,793,932],"exists.":[484],"conclusion":[486,708,759,871],"sets":[487,678],"tone":[489],"empirical":[492,509,755],"later":[495],"chapters":[496],"questioning":[498],"capacity":[500,995],"effective":[502,907],"Africa.":[507],"conducted":[511],"includes":[515],"pilot":[517,601],"national":[521],"focused":[524],"examining":[526],"secondary":[538,589,674],"schools.":[539,675],"based":[542],"upon":[543],"attitudinal":[545],"intentional":[547],"approaches":[548],"employs":[553],"six":[554],"validated":[555],"surveys":[557],"suitable":[558,806],"use":[560],"individuals":[563],"respectively":[565],"measure":[566],"attitudes,":[568,732],"intentions,":[570,734],"tendencies,":[573],"subjective":[574,735],"being,":[577,738],"adaptive":[578,739],"cognition":[579,740],"innovation":[581,742],"skills.":[582],"A":[583],"342":[586],"from":[588,648,680,833,858],"Harrismith":[593],"region":[594],"(Free":[595],"State":[596],"province)":[597],"participated":[598],"followed":[603],"898":[605],"respondents":[606,625],"pre-testing":[609,628],"phase":[610,617,629,636],"751":[612],"post":[615,634],"test":[616,635],"AEG-3":[620,683],"910":[624],"749":[631],"PMY-3":[639,685],"study.":[641],"Participants":[642],"originated":[647],"seven":[649],"nine":[652],"provinces":[653],"female":[660],"black":[661],"17":[666],"attending":[668],"grades":[669],"10":[670],"11":[672],"at":[673],"data":[677],"gathered":[679],"studies":[686],"subjected":[688],"extensive":[690],"statistical":[691],"analyses":[692],"Statistical":[694],"Consultation":[695],"Services":[696],"North-West":[699],"University":[700],"(Potchefstroom":[701],"campus).":[702],"results":[704],"lead":[705],"Mini-Enterprise":[711],"Programme":[712],"(MEP)":[713],"Junior":[715],"Achievement":[716],"(JASA)":[719],"did":[720],"not":[721,862,990,1003],"have":[722,843],"any":[723,844,1020],"visible":[724],"practically":[726],"significant":[727],"skills":[743],"either":[747],"two":[750],"samples":[751],"project.":[757],"reaffirms":[760],"associated":[765],"releasing":[767],"youth.":[776],"Although":[777,1014],"effectively,":[782],"dependent":[785],"long-term":[787],"strategies":[788],"providing":[789],"adequate":[790],"support":[791],"attitude":[796],"aptitude":[798],"become":[800,1035,1047],"competent":[801],"entrepreneurs,":[802,989],"methods":[807],"continuous":[809,951],"assessment":[810],"improvement.":[812],"further":[814],"demands":[815],"learning":[817],"enhanced":[818],"extended":[821],"period":[822],"deliberate":[824],"practice":[825,1033,1045],"(the":[826],"'Eureka'-factor":[827],"proposed":[828],"study)":[831],"flowing":[832],"learner":[841],"chance":[845],"truly":[848],"effective.":[849],"content":[854],"methodology":[856],"borrowed":[857],"other":[859],"countries":[860],"may":[861],"suited":[864],"context.":[869],"exclaims":[872],"need":[874,918,949],"programmes":[883,940],"assessed":[884],"measuring":[890],"scales.":[891],"These":[892],"subsequently":[895],"used":[896],"formulate":[898],"practical":[899],"promotion":[905],"including":[916],"get":[920],"rid":[921],"expectations,":[924],"never":[926],"give":[927],"up,":[928],"stricter":[929],"selection":[930],"enrollment":[934],"(other":[941],"those":[943],"included":[944],"education),":[947],"research,":[952],"embracing":[953],"'power":[955],"one',":[957],"finally,":[959],"adopting":[960],"solution":[963],"what":[965],"evidently":[967],"problem.":[970],"outcome":[972],"brings":[976],"message":[979],"challenge":[982],"perform":[997],"tricks.":[999],"True":[1000],"entrepreneurs":[1001],"ordinary":[1004],"people,":[1005],"regardless":[1006],"they":[1009],"born":[1011],"'made'.":[1013],"person,":[1021],"takes":[1023],"very":[1025],"special":[1026],"kind":[1027],"(desire),":[1030],"determination":[1031,1043],"successful":[1037],"entrepreneur,":[1038],"'want',":[1042],"expert":[1049],"entrepreneur.":[1050]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-19T15:00:24.278416","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
