{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2417433744","doi":null,"title":"Smoking cessation in primary care. A randomized controlled trial of nicotine-bearing chewing gum.","display_name":"Smoking cessation in primary care. A randomized controlled trial of nicotine-bearing chewing gum.","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2417433744","mag":"2417433744","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2643672"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:2643672","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2643672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of family practice","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109077429","display_name":"Gilbert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J R Gilbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"D M Wilson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D M Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042719545","display_name":"J A Best","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J A Best","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040380413","display_name":"Taylor Dw","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D W Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045057474","display_name":"E A Lindsay","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E A Lindsay","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071375525","display_name":"Jack W. Singer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4001-4549","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4001-4549"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Singer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111198344","display_name":"D Willms","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D G Willms","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0783,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93815396,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":"49","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-cessation","display_name":"smoking cessation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicotine-gum","display_name":"nicotine gum","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicotine-replacement-therapy","display_name":"nicotine replacement therapy","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-care","display_name":"primary care","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustained-abstinence","display_name":"sustained abstinence","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cotinine","display_name":"cotinine","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-help-materials","display_name":"self-help materials","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-training","display_name":"physician training","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicotine-dose","display_name":"nicotine dose","score":0.3970000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9460588693618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777843972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2462253","display_name":"Smoking cessation","level":2,"score":0.7833616733551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778887763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4348342","display_name":"Nicotine gum","level":4,"score":0.7343145608901978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.7274852395057678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776319443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421177","display_name":"Cotinine","level":3,"score":0.6258302927017212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28086552","display_name":"Nicotine","level":2,"score":0.573328971862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210978","display_name":"Abstinence","level":2,"score":0.517166793346405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.5092653036117554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780478649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1189783","display_name":"Nicotine replacement therapy","level":3,"score":0.4853278696537018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.45021870732307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.4301247000694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.42427289485931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.3316023647785187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.21215057373046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.1615806519985199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.15301567316055298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.11652249097824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.07057777047157288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000074606","descriptor_name":"Smoking Prevention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002638","descriptor_name":"Chewing Gum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005194","descriptor_name":"Family Practice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009538","descriptor_name":"Nicotine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010349","descriptor_name":"Patient Compliance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011897","descriptor_name":"Random Allocation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012944","descriptor_name":"Social Support","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:2643672","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2643672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of family practice","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"mag:2417433744","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2643672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5158799267","display_name":"COMPLIANCE WITH NICOTINE-BEARING CHEWING GUM","funder_award_id":"R01CA038334","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026959047","https://openalex.org/W2411945447","https://openalex.org/W2016540408","https://openalex.org/W2035639403","https://openalex.org/W2085655874","https://openalex.org/W2013351453","https://openalex.org/W2034039469","https://openalex.org/W2083803694","https://openalex.org/W2054506204","https://openalex.org/W2159844784"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,83,125,147],"results":[1],"are":[2,197],"reported":[3],"from":[4,165],"a":[5,11,20,38,57,89,184],"multicentered,":[6],"randomized":[7,51],"clinical":[8],"trial":[9],"of":[10,32,41,45,56,59,62,98,171,174,205],"physician-delivered":[12],"smoking":[13,117,178],"cessation":[14,118,179],"intervention":[15,34,71,78,85,186],"package.":[16],"All":[17],"physicians":[18],"attended":[19],"four-hour":[21],"training":[22],"session":[23],"during":[24],"which":[25],"the":[26,29,33,42,69,76,96,107,112,141,169,200],"rationales":[27],"for":[28,91],"different":[30],"aspects":[31],"were":[35,50,103,134],"discussed,":[36],"including":[37],"detailed":[39],"description":[40],"proper":[43],"use":[44],"nicotine-bearing":[46,175],"chewing":[47,64],"gum.":[48],"Patients":[49],"to":[52,68,105,158,183,188],"receive":[53],"an":[54],"offer":[55,97,170],"prescription":[58],"2":[60,172],"mg":[61,173],"nicotine":[63,206],"gum":[65,142,176,207],"in":[66,140,191],"addition":[67],"basic":[70,77,84],"(n":[72,80],"=":[73,81],"111)":[74],"or":[75],"alone":[79],"112).":[82],"included":[86],"advice,":[87],"setting":[88],"date":[90],"quitting,":[92],"self-help":[93],"materials,":[94],"and":[95,137,143],"supportive":[99],"follow-up":[100],"visits.":[101],"Receptionists":[102],"instructed":[104],"recruit":[106],"first":[108],"two":[109],"smokers":[110,190],"attending":[111],"practice":[113],"each":[114],"day.":[115],"One-year":[116],"was":[119,155],"validated":[120,126],"by":[121],"cotinine":[122],"saliva":[123],"analysis.":[124],"three-month":[127],"sustained":[128],"abstinence":[129],"rates":[130,180],"at":[131],"one":[132],"year":[133],"8.1":[135],"percent":[136,139,149,157],"9.8":[138],"no-gum":[144],"groups,":[145],"respectively.":[146],"95":[148],"confidence":[150],"interval":[151],"about":[152],"this":[153,166,203],"difference":[154],"-9.3":[156],"6.4":[159],"percent.":[160],"There":[161],"is":[162],"no":[163],"evidence":[164],"study":[167],"that":[168,202],"enhances":[177],"when":[181],"added":[182],"comprehensive":[185],"offered":[187],"all":[189],"primary":[192],"care.":[193],"Until":[194],"larger":[195],"trials":[196],"completed,":[198],"however,":[199],"possibility":[201],"dose":[204],"may":[208],"produce":[209],"small":[210],"beneficial":[211],"effects":[212],"cannot":[213],"be":[214],"excluded.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
