{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2417221237","doi":null,"title":"Radical dioxygen: from gas to (unpaired!) electrons.","display_name":"Radical dioxygen: from gas to (unpaired!) electrons.","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2417221237","mag":"2417221237","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14713124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:14713124","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14713124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034633200","display_name":"Damian Miles Bailey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0498-7095","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0498-7095"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265726","display_name":"University of Glamorgan","ror":"https://ror.org/05jsvx592","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I128993996","https://openalex.org/I4405265726"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Damian Miles Bailey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hypoxia Research Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, South Wales, UK. dbailey1@glam.ac.uk","Hypoxia Research Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, South Wales, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hypoxia Research Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, South Wales, UK. dbailey1@glam.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265726"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hypoxia Research Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, South Wales, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265726"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034633200"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265726"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1381,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73980658,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"543","issue":null,"first_page":"201","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11968","display_name":"High Altitude and Hypoxia","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11968","display_name":"High Altitude and Hypoxia","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11884","display_name":"Redox biology and oxidative stress","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11585","display_name":"Exercise and Physiological Responses","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-oxygen","display_name":"molecular oxygen","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-radicals","display_name":"free radicals","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-altitude-physiology","display_name":"high-altitude physiology","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoxia","display_name":"hypoxia","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altitude-sickness","display_name":"altitude sickness","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-mountain-sickness","display_name":"acute mountain sickness","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-altitude-pulmonary-edema","display_name":"high altitude pulmonary edema","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-altitude-cerebral-edema","display_name":"high-altitude cerebral edema","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-radicals","display_name":"carbon-centered radicals","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-centered-radicals","display_name":"oxygen-centered radicals","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeletal-muscle","display_name":"skeletal muscle","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intracellular-oxygen-tension","display_name":"intracellular oxygen tension","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-trapping","display_name":"spin trapping","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-spin-resonance","display_name":"electron spin resonance","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-adaptation","display_name":"antioxidant adaptation","score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-transduction","display_name":"signal transduction","score":0.6200000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186927785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374793","display_name":"Unpaired electron","level":3,"score":0.5696820020675659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139066938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185056","display_name":"Radical","level":2,"score":0.567253828048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.535319983959198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60642223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129576","display_name":"Free-radical theory of aging","level":3,"score":0.498659610748291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.47905266284942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.32472625374794006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.3237963318824768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2726336717605591}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000531","descriptor_name":"Altitude","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000532","descriptor_name":"Altitude Sickness","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000532","descriptor_name":"Altitude Sickness","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000532","descriptor_name":"Altitude Sickness","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000860","descriptor_name":"Hypoxia","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000975","descriptor_name":"Antioxidants","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001929","descriptor_name":"Brain Edema","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004578","descriptor_name":"Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005609","descriptor_name":"Free Radicals","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011654","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Edema","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D026082","descriptor_name":"Singlet Oxygen","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:14713124","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14713124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in experimental medicine and biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2417221237","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14713124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580429209","https://openalex.org/W1995054148","https://openalex.org/W1995163095","https://openalex.org/W2006182674","https://openalex.org/W2017273395","https://openalex.org/W2019385148","https://openalex.org/W2024921655","https://openalex.org/W2031428301","https://openalex.org/W2037507338","https://openalex.org/W2039207179","https://openalex.org/W2042105409","https://openalex.org/W2053940626","https://openalex.org/W2071758673","https://openalex.org/W2074243670","https://openalex.org/W2076236703","https://openalex.org/W2085436563","https://openalex.org/W2091703874","https://openalex.org/W2109407065","https://openalex.org/W2111653865","https://openalex.org/W2117590526","https://openalex.org/W2118189368","https://openalex.org/W2218142692","https://openalex.org/W2271272206","https://openalex.org/W2416969759","https://openalex.org/W2951820942"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4252483013","https://openalex.org/W1981310591","https://openalex.org/W620038020","https://openalex.org/W2253383551","https://openalex.org/W2413638599","https://openalex.org/W2125863862","https://openalex.org/W2060901490","https://openalex.org/W1960967112","https://openalex.org/W2491882111","https://openalex.org/W1582652770"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Photosynthesising":[0],"cyanobacteria":[1],"breathed":[2],"life":[3,47],"into":[4],"what":[5],"was":[6],"1000":[7],"million":[8],"years":[9],"ago":[10],"considered":[11,73],"a":[12,17,36,41,176,218],"reductive":[13],"atmosphere,":[14],"thus":[15],"providing":[16],"selective":[18],"pressure":[19],"for":[20,95,118],"the":[21,27,88,134,147,163,223],"evolution":[22],"of":[23,45,133,149,169,179,189,227],"O2-dependent":[24],"organisms.":[25],"However,":[26],"fact":[28],"that":[29,203],"molecular":[30,116],"O2":[31,120],"exists":[32],"in":[33,48,55,63,70,131,146,173,200],"air":[34,66],"as":[35,184],"free":[37,96,170],"radical":[38,123,171,204,225],"renders":[39],"it":[40],"double-edged":[42],"sword,":[43],"capable":[44,188],"sustaining":[46],"physiologically":[49],"controlled":[50,58],"amounts,":[51],"yet":[52],"fatal":[53],"when":[54],"excess.":[56],"The":[57,83],"delivery":[59],"and":[60,93,121,142,152,166,193],"stepwise":[61],"reduction":[62],"PO2":[64,214],"from":[65],"to":[67,77,101,139,212,221],"mitochondrion":[68],"may":[69,128,216],"itself":[71],"be":[72,156],"an":[74],"evolutionary":[75],"antioxidant":[76],"cope":[78],"with":[79,111,175],"this":[80],"biological":[81],"conundrum.":[82],"present":[84],"review":[85],"will":[86,154],"discuss":[87],"potential":[89],"roles,":[90],"both":[91],"good":[92],"bad,":[94],"radicals":[97],"during":[98],"human":[99],"adaptation":[100],"altered":[102],"environmental":[103],"PO2.":[104,136],"By":[105],"combining":[106],"electron":[107],"paramagnetic":[108],"resonance":[109],"spectroscopy":[110],"spin-trapping,":[112],"we":[113,160],"provide":[114,217],"direct":[115],"evidence":[117],"increased":[119],"carbon-centered":[122],"generation":[124,172,205],"at":[125],"high-altitude":[126],"which":[127,215],"seem":[129],"paradoxical":[130],"light":[132],"reduced":[135],"Radical-mediated":[137],"contributions":[138],"tissue":[140],"damage":[141],"their":[143,180],"subsequent":[144],"role":[145,183],"pathogenesis":[148],"AMS,":[150],"HAPE":[151],"HACE":[153],"also":[155],"critically":[157],"examined.":[158],"Finally,":[159],"focus":[161],"on":[162],"sources,":[164],"mechanisms":[165],"functional":[167],"significance":[168],"hypoxia,":[174],"brief":[177],"consideration":[178],"more":[181],"positive":[182],"putative":[185],"signal":[186],"transductants,":[187],"adjusting":[190],"cellular":[191],"homeostasis":[192],"initiating":[194],"protective":[195],"adaptation.":[196],"Our":[197],"preliminary":[198],"studies":[199],"humans":[201],"suggest":[202],"by":[206],"skeletal":[207],"muscle":[208],"is":[209],"exquisitely":[210],"sensitive":[211],"intracellular":[213],"unifying":[219],"theory":[220],"explain":[222],"\"free":[224],"paradox\"":[226],"high-altitude.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}