{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2417066577","doi":null,"title":"Strategies of learning from failure.","display_name":"Strategies of learning from failure.","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2417066577","mag":"2417066577","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21510518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:21510518","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21510518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Harvard business review","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003931866","display_name":"Amy C. Edmondson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4409-913X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4409-913X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amy C Edmondson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology and Operations Management Unit, Harvard Business School, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology and Operations Management Unit, Harvard Business School, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003931866"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":30.4404,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":510,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99642022,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"89","issue":"4","first_page":"48","last_page":"55, 137"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13163","display_name":"Organizational Learning and Leadership","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13163","display_name":"Organizational Learning and Leadership","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13149","display_name":"Organizational Change and Leadership","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-from-failure","display_name":"learning from failure","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-learning","display_name":"organizational learning","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-culture","display_name":"organizational culture","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blame-culture","display_name":"blame culture","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/failure-reporting","display_name":"failure reporting","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership","display_name":"leadership","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experiments","display_name":"experimentation","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-systems","display_name":"complex systems","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lessons-from-failure","display_name":"lessons from failure","score":0.47999998927116394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781466463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621695","display_name":"Blame","level":2,"score":0.8634083867073059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779978724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436482","display_name":"Worry","level":3,"score":0.5749385952949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5421250462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5026509761810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4914156198501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4427628517150879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992316619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5439398","display_name":"Fear of failure","level":2,"score":0.4372316002845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779405079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356040","display_name":"Jigsaw","level":2,"score":0.43335795402526855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.41554492712020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3564232587814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3451065719127655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3170926570892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.23997274041175842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.19396477937698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11810779571533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.11258149147033691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000223","descriptor_name":"Adaptation, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003132","descriptor_name":"Commerce","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009937","descriptor_name":"Organizational Objectives","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017598","descriptor_name":"Efficiency, Organizational","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:21510518","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21510518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Harvard business review","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2417066577","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21510518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2616104395","https://openalex.org/W2110796927","https://openalex.org/W7100709427","https://openalex.org/W4247497129","https://openalex.org/W2781675650","https://openalex.org/W205180776","https://openalex.org/W7014184908","https://openalex.org/W4411609652","https://openalex.org/W3013057330","https://openalex.org/W4254505964"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"executives":[1],"believe":[2],"that":[3,14,174,192],"all":[4],"failure":[5,52,180,193],"is":[6,18,53,194],"bad":[7],"(although":[8],"it":[9,17],"usually":[10,101],"provides":[11],"Lessons)":[12],"and":[13,43,73,120,122,133,154,159,162,171],"Learning":[15],"from":[16,51,104,114],"pretty":[19],"straightforward.":[20],"The":[21],"author,":[22],"a":[23,135,147,176],"professor":[24],"at":[25,125],"Harvard":[26],"Business":[27],"School,":[28],"thinks":[29],"both":[30],"beliefs":[31],"are":[32,41,45,156,166],"misguided.":[33],"In":[34],"organizational":[35,78],"life,":[36],"she":[37],"says,":[38],"some":[39,44],"failures":[40,130,152],"inevitable":[42,195],"even":[46],"good.":[47],"And":[48],"successful":[49],"learning":[50,148],"not":[54],"simple:":[55],"It":[56],"requires":[57],"context-specific":[58],"strategies.":[59],"But":[60],"first":[61],"leaders":[62],"must":[63],"understand":[64],"how":[65],"the":[66,71,126,139],"blame":[67],"game":[68],"gets":[69],"in":[70,80,97,108,150,196],"way":[72],"work":[74,186,199],"to":[75,164],"create":[76,182],"an":[77,183],"culture":[79],"which":[81,100,111,151],"employees":[82],"feel":[83],"safe":[84],"admitting":[85],"or":[86],"reporting":[87],"on":[88,134],"failure.":[89],"Failures":[90],"fall":[91],"into":[92],"three":[93],"categories:":[94],"preventable":[95],"ones":[96,107,124],"predictable":[98],"operations,":[99],"involve":[102],"deviations":[103],"spec;":[105],"unavoidable":[106],"complex":[109,198],"systems,":[110],"may":[112],"arise":[113],"unique":[115],"combinations":[116],"of":[117],"needs,":[118],"people,":[119],"problems;":[121],"intelligent":[123],"frontier,":[127],"where":[128],"\"good\"":[129],"occur":[131],"quickly":[132],"small":[136,155],"scale,":[137],"providing":[138],"most":[140],"valuable":[141],"information.":[142],"Strong":[143],"leadership":[144],"can":[145],"build":[146],"culture-one":[149],"large":[153],"consistently":[157],"reported":[158],"deeply":[160],"analyzed,":[161],"opportunities":[163],"experiment":[165],"proactively":[167],"sought.":[168],"Executives":[169],"commonly":[170],"understandably":[172],"worry":[173],"taking":[175],"sympathetic":[177],"stance":[178],"toward":[179],"will":[181],"\"anything":[184],"goes\"":[185],"environment.":[187],"They":[188],"should":[189],"instead":[190],"recognize":[191],"today's":[197],"organizations.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}