{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2415800481","doi":null,"title":"Mental health care use, morbidity, and socioeconomic status in the United States and Ontario.","display_name":"Mental health care use, morbidity, and socioeconomic status in the United States and Ontario.","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2415800481","mag":"2415800481","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9146506"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:9146506","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9146506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027207939","display_name":"Steven Jay Katz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1151-861X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1151-861X","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6718-1393"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S J Katz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0376, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0376, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057810294","display_name":"Ronald C. Kessler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4831-2305","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4831-2305"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R C Kessler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018486913","display_name":"Richard G. Frank","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1551-7072","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1551-7072"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R G Frank","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076213326","display_name":"Philip J. Leaf","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P Leaf","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012573173","display_name":"Elizabeth H.B. Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9653-0764","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9653-0764"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0844,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96607028,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"1","first_page":"38","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10762","display_name":"Migration, Health and Trauma","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-service-utilization","display_name":"mental health service utilization","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-morbidity","display_name":"psychiatric morbidity","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-insurance-coverage","display_name":"health insurance coverage","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-need-for-care","display_name":"perceived need for care","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-health-coverage","display_name":"universal health coverage","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states","display_name":"United States","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontario","display_name":"Ontario","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-access-disparities","display_name":"health care access disparities","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-comorbidity-survey","display_name":"National Comorbidity Survey","score":0.7599999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.782045841217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.7431662082672119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5910668969154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20387591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930752","display_name":"Specialty","level":2,"score":0.5232405066490173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5050011277198792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125920245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6971726","display_name":"National Comorbidity Survey","level":3,"score":0.4881740212440491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992545881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6817473","display_name":"Mental health care","level":3,"score":0.4135051369667053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.40089917182922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3887113928794861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.25663983821868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.2446628212928772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2176300287246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.18307307362556458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000553","descriptor_name":"Ambulatory Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007358","descriptor_name":"Insurance, Psychiatric","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008605","descriptor_name":"Mental Health Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008605","descriptor_name":"Mental Health Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009017","descriptor_name":"Morbidity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009864","descriptor_name":"Ontario","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011897","descriptor_name":"Random Allocation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015897","descriptor_name":"Comorbidity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016017","descriptor_name":"Odds Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017057","descriptor_name":"Medically Uninsured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019458","descriptor_name":"Insurance Coverage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:9146506","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9146506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"mag:2415800481","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9146506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9476000070571899}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2979920481","display_name":"EPIDEMIOLOGY--ALCOHOL, DRUG ABUSE, AND MENTAL DISORDERS","funder_award_id":"R01MH046376","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8634868775","display_name":"PATTERNS AND PREDICTORS OF USE OF MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES","funder_award_id":"R01MH049098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986255157","https://openalex.org/W2067766571","https://openalex.org/W2134661466","https://openalex.org/W2094575348","https://openalex.org/W2017791254","https://openalex.org/W1994805599","https://openalex.org/W1965186115","https://openalex.org/W2073334466","https://openalex.org/W2130770552","https://openalex.org/W6908544134"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,64],"focuses":[2],"on":[3],"mental":[4,20,99,116,147,197],"health":[5,21,95,100,148],"problems":[6,149],"and":[7,13,24,32,49,73,114,136,161,195],"compares":[8],"the":[9,17,29,33,46,57,67,74,80,94,111,133,181,201],"association":[10],"of":[11,19,42,86,105,154,175,184],"demographic":[12],"socioeconomic":[14,193],"factors":[15],"to":[16,79,93,103,122,143,172],"use":[18,174],"specialty":[22],"care":[23,27,53,188],"general":[25],"medical":[26],"in":[28,45,107,166,207],"United":[30,47,202],"States":[31,48,203],"Canadian":[34,127],"province,":[35],"Ontario.":[36,108],"It":[37],"also":[38],"examines":[39],"how":[40],"lack":[41],"insurance":[43],"coverage":[44],"perceived":[50,185],"need":[51,186],"for":[52,97,146,187],"affects":[54],"differences":[55],"between":[56],"two":[58],"countries.":[59,212],"We":[60],"employ":[61],"a":[62,98,151],"cross-sectional":[63],"design":[65],"using":[66],"1990":[68,75],"U.S.":[69],"National":[70],"Comorbidity":[71],"Survey":[72],"Mental":[76],"Health":[77,82],"Supplement":[78],"Ontario":[81],"Survey.":[83],"Overall,":[84],"8.8%":[85],"Americans":[87,109,131,190],"report":[88],"one":[89],"or":[90],"more":[91,120],"visits":[92],"sector":[96],"problem,":[101],"compared":[102],"6.9%":[104],"Canadians":[106],"with":[110,132,177,191],"highest":[112],"incomes":[113,135],"no":[115],"morbidity":[117,138,198],"are":[118,139],"much":[119,140],"likely":[121,142],"receive":[123,144],"services":[124,145,176],"than":[125,150],"their":[126],"counterparts.":[128],"By":[129],"contrast,":[130],"lowest":[134],"high":[137],"less":[141],"similar":[152],"group":[153],"Canadians.":[155],"These":[156],"results":[157],"suggest":[158],"that":[159,200],"universal":[160],"comprehensive":[162],"coverage,":[163],"as":[164],"exists":[165],"Ontario,":[167],"does":[168],"not":[169],"necessarily":[170],"lead":[171],"increased":[173],"low":[178,196],"value.":[179],"However,":[180],"greater":[182],"prevalence":[183],"among":[189],"higher":[192],"status":[194],"suggests":[199],"should":[204],"be":[205],"cautious":[206],"drawing":[208],"lessons":[209],"from":[210],"other":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
