{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2415560646","doi":null,"title":"Beneficial effects resulting from thiazolidinediones for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.","display_name":"Beneficial effects resulting from thiazolidinediones for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2415560646","mag":"2415560646","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12785130"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12785130","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12785130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Postgraduate medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028507024","display_name":"David S.H. Bell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3035-6126","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3035-6126"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039250","display_name":"UAB Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/036554539","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David S H Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, USA. dbell@endo.dom.uab.edu","University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, USA. dbell@endo.dom.uab.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192","https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192","https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028507024"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192","https://openalex.org/I4390039250"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3182,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61575179,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"Spec No","issue":null,"first_page":"35","last_page":"44"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11072","display_name":"Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thiazolidinediones","display_name":"thiazolidinediones","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic-control","display_name":"glycemic control","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk","display_name":"cardiovascular risk","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-cell-function","display_name":"beta-cell function","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renal-dysfunction","display_name":"renal dysfunction","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatotoxicity","display_name":"hepatotoxicity","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoglycemia","display_name":"hypoglycemia","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-syndrome","display_name":"metabolic syndrome","score":0.5600000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9565774202346802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.7002039551734924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.6989328265190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780473172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572518","display_name":"Glycemic","level":3,"score":0.6816673874855042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202758","display_name":"Hypoglycemia","level":3,"score":0.6756185293197632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.6209561228752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.5898349285125732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.48515257239341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.4408479630947113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781281211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2195995","display_name":"Repaglinide","level":4,"score":0.4232892394065857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3823029100894928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.350273996591568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.300609827041626}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007333","descriptor_name":"Insulin Resistance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007515","descriptor_name":"Islets of Langerhans","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013844","descriptor_name":"Thiazoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013844","descriptor_name":"Thiazoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013844","descriptor_name":"Thiazoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D045162","descriptor_name":"Thiazolidinediones","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12785130","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12785130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Postgraduate medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2415560646","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12785130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25360645","https://openalex.org/W56664697","https://openalex.org/W120815510","https://openalex.org/W1257179438","https://openalex.org/W1675830194","https://openalex.org/W1977386411","https://openalex.org/W1977761436","https://openalex.org/W1983128420","https://openalex.org/W1985474830","https://openalex.org/W1988178015","https://openalex.org/W1989842082","https://openalex.org/W1995290986","https://openalex.org/W2003171971","https://openalex.org/W2003731317","https://openalex.org/W2005208228","https://openalex.org/W2011048730","https://openalex.org/W2014877159","https://openalex.org/W2015249405","https://openalex.org/W2016247822","https://openalex.org/W2022801078","https://openalex.org/W2022876209","https://openalex.org/W2029410945","https://openalex.org/W2043557949","https://openalex.org/W2046991199","https://openalex.org/W2048529677","https://openalex.org/W2051159435","https://openalex.org/W2053965920","https://openalex.org/W2055008347","https://openalex.org/W2056726092","https://openalex.org/W2065504943","https://openalex.org/W2077149049","https://openalex.org/W2078807483","https://openalex.org/W2080153104","https://openalex.org/W2084470550","https://openalex.org/W2087044665","https://openalex.org/W2088065710","https://openalex.org/W2091119618","https://openalex.org/W2092881968","https://openalex.org/W2094394439","https://openalex.org/W2106080706","https://openalex.org/W2106603497","https://openalex.org/W2117268230","https://openalex.org/W2123946565","https://openalex.org/W2124084557","https://openalex.org/W2125344994","https://openalex.org/W2126317966","https://openalex.org/W2131702141","https://openalex.org/W2134315188","https://openalex.org/W2145053304","https://openalex.org/W2151350502","https://openalex.org/W2156744146","https://openalex.org/W2164597700","https://openalex.org/W2166232000","https://openalex.org/W2170436510","https://openalex.org/W2174384846","https://openalex.org/W2312730626","https://openalex.org/W2316167515","https://openalex.org/W2329995360","https://openalex.org/W2769264260"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W122790667","https://openalex.org/W2411678810","https://openalex.org/W2415351714","https://openalex.org/W2182323090","https://openalex.org/W2414082641","https://openalex.org/W3093838335","https://openalex.org/W2443553556","https://openalex.org/W1973522969","https://openalex.org/W2375707022","https://openalex.org/W2070867197"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Because":[0],"new":[1],"drugs":[2],"continue":[3],"to":[4,22,129],"be":[5,31,134],"developed,":[6],"physicians":[7],"treating":[8],"patients":[9,38,101,140],"with":[10,39,56,73,117,141,150],"type":[11,40,164],"2":[12,41,165],"diabetes":[13],"have":[14],"a":[15,32,126,148],"wide":[16],"range":[17],"of":[18,34,80,109,120,163],"agents":[19,45,155],"from":[20],"which":[21],"choose.":[23],"The":[24],"newest":[25],"class,":[26],"the":[27,57,78,107,161],"thiazolidinediones":[28],"(TZDs),":[29],"should":[30],"mainstay":[33],"treatment":[35,162],"for":[36,65],"most":[37],"diabetes,":[42,142],"because":[43,119],"these":[44,154],"reduce":[46,77,87],"insulin":[47,58,71],"resistance":[48,59,72],"as":[49,51],"well":[50],"improve":[52],"glycemic":[53,113],"control.":[54],"Patients":[55],"syndrome":[60],"are":[61],"at":[62],"increased":[63],"risk":[64,108],"developing":[66],"cardiovascular":[67,82,88],"disease.":[68],"However,":[69],"decreasing":[70],"TZD":[74],"use":[75],"may":[76,86],"incidence":[79],"adverse":[81],"outcomes.":[83],"TZDs":[84,118,132],"also":[85],"events":[89],"by":[90,99],"acting":[91],"directly":[92],"on":[93,123],"vascular":[94],"smooth":[95],"muscle":[96],"cells":[97],"and":[98,143,158],"helping":[100],"maintain":[102],"normal":[103],"hemoglobin":[104],"levels,":[105],"without":[106],"hypoglycemia.":[110],"Furthermore,":[111],"prolonged":[112],"control":[114],"is":[115],"expected":[116],"their":[121],"effects":[122],"beta-cell":[124],"rejuvenation,":[125],"function":[127],"unique":[128],"this":[130],"class.":[131],"can":[133],"used":[135],"safely":[136],"in":[137,160],"renally":[138],"impaired":[139],"hepatotoxicity":[144],"has":[145],"not":[146],"been":[147],"problem":[149],"second-generation":[151],"TZDs,":[152],"making":[153],"both":[156],"safe":[157],"effective":[159],"diabetes.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}