{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2414967386","doi":null,"title":"Protein A and other surface components of Staphylococcus aureus stimulate production of IL-1 alpha, IL-4, IL-6, TNF and IFN-gamma.","display_name":"Protein A and other surface components of Staphylococcus aureus stimulate production of IL-1 alpha, IL-4, IL-6, TNF and IFN-gamma.","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2414967386","mag":"2414967386","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1804325"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:1804325","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1804325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European cytokine network","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063480409","display_name":"M A Tufano","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M A Tufano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microbiology, First Medical School, University of Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microbiology, First Medical School, University of Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050477259","display_name":"Gabriella Cipollaro de l'Ero","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Cipollaro de l'Ero","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069773913","display_name":"Raffaele Ianniello","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Ianniello","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038192843","display_name":"Massimiliano Galdiero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1576-6290","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1576-6290"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Galdiero","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111824006","display_name":"F Galdiero","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Galdiero","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3193,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58099603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"5","first_page":"361","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":0.8529999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":0.8529999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10195","display_name":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus","score":0.09300000220537186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.006500000134110451,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-a","display_name":"protein A","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muramic-acid","display_name":"muramic acid","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-surface-components","display_name":"bacterial surface components","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokine-production","display_name":"cytokine production","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-1-alpha","display_name":"interleukin-1 alpha","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-4","display_name":"IL-4","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-6","display_name":"interleukin-6","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tnf-alpha","display_name":"TNF-\u03b1","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-gamma","display_name":"interferon-gamma","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocytes","display_name":"monocytes","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lymphocytes","display_name":"lymphocytes","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muramyl-dipeptide","display_name":"muramyl dipeptide","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gram-positive-bacterial-infections","display_name":"Gram-positive bacterial infections","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation","display_name":"inflammation","score":0.6029999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823286","display_name":"Muramic acid","level":4,"score":0.9017857909202576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776444769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259464","display_name":"Muramyl dipeptide","level":3,"score":0.8794525861740112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779489039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188121","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","level":3,"score":0.6991589069366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.5903013944625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17991360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21173843","display_name":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha","level":2,"score":0.5818088054656982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.5612652897834778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5389798879623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24741149","display_name":"Interferon gamma","level":3,"score":0.4445967972278595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.41484376788139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.40591734647750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776634448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206920","display_name":"Peptidoglycan","level":3,"score":0.3947955369949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.34009790420532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3084198832511902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.2880552411079407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.21849185228347778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007371","descriptor_name":"Interferon-gamma","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007378","descriptor_name":"Interleukins","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008214","descriptor_name":"Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008214","descriptor_name":"Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009000","descriptor_name":"Monocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009000","descriptor_name":"Monocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009112","descriptor_name":"Muramic Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013205","descriptor_name":"Staphylococcal Protein A","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013211","descriptor_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014409","descriptor_name":"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:1804325","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1804325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European cytokine network","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unicampania.it:11591/234880","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11591/234880","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055255","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:2414967386","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1804325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7218030460","https://openalex.org/W2073386285","https://openalex.org/W2147933162","https://openalex.org/W4320082015","https://openalex.org/W2130176942","https://openalex.org/W2088273079","https://openalex.org/W2354626317","https://openalex.org/W638914027","https://openalex.org/W7099960114","https://openalex.org/W2412368076"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Studies":[0],"were":[1],"carried":[2],"out":[3],"on":[4],"the":[5,21,38,43,48,145,161,216,219],"ability":[6],"of":[7,12,23,59,67,75,114,131,147,155,211,228],"protein":[8,35],"A":[9,36],"(PA)":[10],"and":[11,28,52,83,95,174,188],"muramic":[13],"acid":[14,50,138],"(MA)":[15,139],"from":[16,26,149,215],"S.":[17],"aureus":[18],"to":[19,42,71,160,194,207,218],"induce":[20,208],"release":[22,66,74,98,118,146,154,227],"cytokines":[24,148],"both":[25],"monocytes":[27],"lymphocytes":[29],"in":[30,143,180],"vitro.":[31],"Results":[32],"show":[33],"that":[34,102,125,168,196],"induces":[37,63],"greatest":[39],"activity,":[40],"compared":[41],"activity":[44],"already":[45],"known":[46],"for":[47,53],"theicoic":[49],"(TA)":[51],"muramyl":[54],"dipeptide":[55],"(MDP).":[56],"At":[57,111],"concentration":[58],"10":[60],"micrograms/ml;":[61],"PA":[62,112,179],"roughly":[64],"+180%":[65],"TNF":[68,153],"with":[69,93,158,170],"respect":[70,159],"controls,":[72],"while":[73],"IL-1":[76],"alpha":[77],"is":[78,84,99,119,140,165],"about":[79,120,156],"500%":[80],"control":[81],"values,":[82],"higher":[85,100,123,182],"than":[86,101,124,167,183],"those":[87,184],"obtained":[88,169],"when":[89],"cells":[90],"are":[91,176,205,223],"treated":[92],"TA":[94,187],"MDP;":[96],"IL-6":[97],"stimulated":[103],"by":[104,127,178,186,199,226],"Con":[105,128],"A,":[106],"used":[107],"as":[108],"standard":[109],"challenge.":[110],"concentrations":[113],"5":[115],"micrograms/ml,":[116],"IL-4":[117,173],"five":[121],"times":[122],"induced":[126,185],"A.":[129],"Release":[130],"IFN-gamma":[132,175],"showed":[133],"similar":[134],"dose-dependent":[135],"stimulations.":[136],"Muramic":[137],"particularly":[141],"active":[142],"inducing":[144,152],"target":[150],"cells,":[151],"+75%":[157],"controls.":[162],"This":[163],"increase":[164],"less":[166],"PA.":[171],"Also":[172],"released":[177],"quantities":[181],"MDP.":[189],"Our":[190],"results":[191],"lead":[192],"us":[193],"believe":[195],"during":[197],"infections":[198],"Gram-positive":[200],"bacteria,":[201],"their":[202],"surface":[203],"components":[204],"able":[206],"a":[209],"series":[210],"chain":[212],"reactions":[213],"ranging":[214],"inflammatory":[217],"immunologic":[220],"responses":[221],"which":[222],"also":[224],"conditioned":[225],"cytokines.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
