{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2413311547","doi":null,"title":"Evaluation of crosslinked chitosan hydrogel beads as a carrier for prolonged delivery of diclofenac sodium: in vitro and in vivo studies.","display_name":"Evaluation of crosslinked chitosan hydrogel beads as a carrier for prolonged delivery of diclofenac sodium: in vitro and in vivo studies.","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2413311547","mag":"2413311547","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15881815"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:15881815","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15881815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bollettino chimico farmaceutico","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042734923","display_name":"Ibrahim A. Alsarra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5288-5953","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5288-5953"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim A Alsarra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh. Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh. Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042734923"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"143","issue":"10","first_page":"359","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10343","display_name":"Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10256","display_name":"Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chitosan-hydrogel-beads","display_name":"chitosan hydrogel beads","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diclofenac-sodium","display_name":"diclofenac sodium","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustained-release","display_name":"sustained drug release","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionic-gelation","display_name":"ionic gelation","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tripolyphosphate","display_name":"tripolyphosphate","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-linking","display_name":"crosslinking","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-loading-efficiency","display_name":"drug loading efficiency","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controlled-release","display_name":"controlled release","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioavailability","display_name":"bioavailability","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacokinetics","display_name":"pharmacokinetics","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hard-gelatin-capsules","display_name":"hard gelatin capsules","score":0.5490000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908765736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244408","display_name":"Diclofenac Sodium","level":2,"score":0.9105008840560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181389837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461809","display_name":"Bioavailability","level":2,"score":0.8055609464645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779732960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408510","display_name":"Chitosan","level":2,"score":0.6742947101593018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779826273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244408","display_name":"Diclofenac","level":2,"score":0.6220844984054565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5860333442687988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77281830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718608","display_name":"Dosage form","level":2,"score":0.5626599788665771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88380143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416674","display_name":"Dissolution","level":2,"score":0.5517869591712952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.5452859401702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779820397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392806","display_name":"Drug delivery","level":2,"score":0.5005409717559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.49557483196258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34814092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268418","display_name":"Counterion","level":3,"score":0.47113412618637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537181965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658","display_name":"Sodium","level":2,"score":0.45169708132743835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910701995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679692","display_name":"Biopharmaceutics","level":5,"score":0.4476637840270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778823387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179254","display_name":"Gelatin","level":2,"score":0.44019028544425964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13965031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545","display_name":"Nuclear chemistry","level":1,"score":0.38683560490608215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3173971474170685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.18719986081123352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.11400771141052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.10336029529571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160492267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319616","display_name":"Pharmacognosy","level":4,"score":0.0739884078502655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116073593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864491","display_name":"Biological activity","level":3,"score":0.073131263256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.07172006368637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.05278685688972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000894","descriptor_name":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000894","descriptor_name":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000894","descriptor_name":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002214","descriptor_name":"Capsules","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002626","descriptor_name":"Chemistry, Pharmaceutical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003432","descriptor_name":"Cross-Linking Reagents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003692","descriptor_name":"Delayed-Action Preparations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004008","descriptor_name":"Diclofenac","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004008","descriptor_name":"Diclofenac","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004008","descriptor_name":"Diclofenac","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004285","descriptor_name":"Dogs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004337","descriptor_name":"Drug Carriers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007700","descriptor_name":"Kinetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010316","descriptor_name":"Particle Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012995","descriptor_name":"Solubility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013607","descriptor_name":"Tablets","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020100","descriptor_name":"Hydrogels","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D048271","descriptor_name":"Chitosan","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:15881815","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15881815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bollettino chimico farmaceutico","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2413311547","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15881815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8560000061988831,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408552763","https://openalex.org/W2591443846","https://openalex.org/W2041581549","https://openalex.org/W4408553454","https://openalex.org/W2004507204","https://openalex.org/W2090275401","https://openalex.org/W2032983572","https://openalex.org/W1988132263","https://openalex.org/W2345587817","https://openalex.org/W2355899489"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chitosan":[0,21],"hydrogel":[1],"beads":[2,69,77,88,127,153,172],"containing":[3],"diclofanac":[4],"sodium":[5,47,124],"were":[6,29,90,128],"prepared":[7,89,152],"using":[8],"ionotropic":[9],"gelation":[10],"technique":[11],"in":[12,83,91,133,145,155],"which":[13,84],"tripolyphosphate":[14,24],"solution":[15],"was":[16,48],"used":[17],"as":[18],"a":[19,79,160,190],"counterion.":[20],"molecular":[22],"weight,":[23],"concentration":[25],"and":[26],"crosslinking":[27],"time":[28],"found":[30],"to":[31,120,138,164,177],"have":[32],"an":[33],"effect":[34],"on":[35],"the":[36,39,59,63,87,92,109,115,118,139,151,167,180,186],"percentage":[37],"of":[38,45,56,65,86,94,98,102,105,117,166,179,188],"drug":[40,66,193],"loading.":[41,67],"The":[42,68,76,126,144,171,183],"loading":[43],"efficiency":[44,64],"diclofenac":[46,123,197],"very":[49],"high":[50],"(more":[51],"than":[52],"90%).":[53],"A":[54],"longer-period":[55],"contact":[57],"with":[58,108],"counterion":[60],"ions":[61],"decreased":[62],"produced":[70],"all":[71],"had":[72,159],"good":[73],"spherical":[74],"geometry.":[75],"showed":[78,173],"narrow":[80],"size":[81],"distribution":[82],"95%":[85],"range":[93],"2-3":[95],"mm.":[96],"Comparison":[97],"release":[99],"rate-time":[100],"plots":[101],"dissolution":[103],"data":[104],"marketed":[106],"product":[107],"newly":[110],"developed":[111],"dosage":[112],"form":[113],"indicated":[114],"ability":[116],"later":[119],"sustain":[121],"more":[122],"release.":[125],"evaluated":[129],"for":[130,196],"their":[131],"bioavailability":[132,162],"six":[134],"beagle":[135],"dogs":[136],"relative":[137,163],"commercial":[140,168,181],"enteric-coated":[141],"Voltaren":[142,169],"tablets.":[143,170,182],"vivo":[146],"availability":[147],"study,":[148],"reveled":[149],"that":[150,165,178],"filled":[154],"hard":[156],"gelatin":[157],"capsules":[158],"126.22%":[161],"comparable":[174],"pharmacokinetic":[175],"parameters":[176],"results":[184],"suggested":[185],"possibility":[187],"producing":[189],"promising":[191],"sustained":[192],"delivery":[194],"system":[195],"sodium.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
