{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2413190891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156683","title":"Aggression, Violence and Injury in Minor League Ice Hockey: Avenues for Prevention of Injury","display_name":"Aggression, Violence and Injury in Minor League Ice Hockey: Avenues for Prevention of Injury","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2413190891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156683","mag":"2413190891","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27258426","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4892613"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156683","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0156683&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0156683&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011967500","display_name":"Michael D. Cusimano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9989-0650","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9989-0650"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297363086","display_name":"St. Michael's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04skqfp25","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297363086","https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael D. Cusimano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Injury Prevention Research Office, Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Injury Prevention Research Office, Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297363086"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002959290","display_name":"Gabriela Ilie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1602-6374","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1602-6374"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriela Ilie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060755723","display_name":"Sarah J. Mullen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297363086","display_name":"St. Michael's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04skqfp25","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297363086","https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah J. Mullen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Injury Prevention Research Office, Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Injury Prevention Research Office, Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297363086"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074214197","display_name":"Christopher R. Pauley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297363086","display_name":"St. Michael's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04skqfp25","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297363086","https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher R. Pauley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Injury Prevention Research Office, Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Injury Prevention Research Office, Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297363086"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045226382","display_name":"Jennifer Stulberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer R. Stulberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Family and Community Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Family and Community Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039207284","display_name":"Jane Topolovec\u2010Vranic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7695-4212","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7695-4212"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jane Topolovec-Vranic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine (Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine (Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021278036","display_name":"Stanley Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297363086","display_name":"St. Michael's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04skqfp25","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297363086","https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanley Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Injury Prevention Research Office, Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Injury Prevention Research Office, Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297363086"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011967500"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297363086"],"apc_list":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"apc_paid":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"fwci":4.1868,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93234586,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"e0156683","last_page":"e0156683"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11246","display_name":"Sports injuries and prevention","score":0.8109999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11246","display_name":"Sports injuries and prevention","score":0.8109999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.1096000000834465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13296","display_name":"Physical Education and Sports Studies","score":0.02370000071823597,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-ice-hockey","display_name":"youth hockey","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggressive-play","display_name":"aggressive play","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-violence","display_name":"sports violence","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injury-prevention","display_name":"injury prevention","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-checking","display_name":"body checking","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concussion","display_name":"concussion","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenge","display_name":"revenge","score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-identity-theory","display_name":"social identity theory","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-learning-theory","display_name":"social learning theory","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-environment","display_name":"social environment","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-influence","display_name":"media influence","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.5090000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993743986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41466","display_name":"Ice hockey","level":2,"score":0.8238048553466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207456731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660818","display_name":"League","level":2,"score":0.6724814772605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5901574492454529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5827484726905823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.5581212043762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.549605667591095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.5380321145057678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779448149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191797","display_name":"Aggression","level":2,"score":0.5264647603034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.5098223090171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.4313497841358185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778426673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326921","display_name":"Concussion","level":4,"score":0.42030957341194153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779760435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5396169","display_name":"Minor (academic)","level":2,"score":0.4167727828025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.40288299322128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.39526253938674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.25600409507751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.15551355481147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.1354459822177887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10205480456352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0925254225730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000067570","descriptor_name":"Social Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000374","descriptor_name":"Aggression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001265","descriptor_name":"Athletic Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001924","descriptor_name":"Brain Concussion","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006688","descriptor_name":"Hockey","qualifier_ui":"Q000293","qualifier_name":"injuries","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012919","descriptor_name":"Social Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014754","descriptor_name":"Violence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156683","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0156683&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3874748","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4892613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4892613","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4892613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:27258426","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27258426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pone00:0156683","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0156683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7d19a6d683f449daa27d933909efe2a9","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7d19a6d683f449daa27d933909efe2a9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 6, p e0156683 (2016)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156683","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0156683&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9074000120162964}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1572336854","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TIR-103946","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319881","funder_display_name":"Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G526958275","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"/TIR-103946","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","funder_display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315604","display_name":"St. Michael's Hospital Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01my45624"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319881","display_name":"Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/004qxz190"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01gavpb45"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2413190891.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2413190891.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39201077","https://openalex.org/W565501140","https://openalex.org/W1481976004","https://openalex.org/W1508173999","https://openalex.org/W1508828152","https://openalex.org/W1573386855","https://openalex.org/W1595283155","https://openalex.org/W1599550679","https://openalex.org/W1666601726","https://openalex.org/W1799750435","https://openalex.org/W1861954919","https://openalex.org/W1896991689","https://openalex.org/W1966831360","https://openalex.org/W1967339703","https://openalex.org/W1972490188","https://openalex.org/W1976442378","https://openalex.org/W1978711333","https://openalex.org/W1980967919","https://openalex.org/W1982062744","https://openalex.org/W1985519261","https://openalex.org/W1989103467","https://openalex.org/W1992987082","https://openalex.org/W2002835839","https://openalex.org/W2013784840","https://openalex.org/W2013860783","https://openalex.org/W2014795660","https://openalex.org/W2015628682","https://openalex.org/W2021344380","https://openalex.org/W2041573340","https://openalex.org/W2042454739","https://openalex.org/W2045346908","https://openalex.org/W2049142330","https://openalex.org/W2053885070","https://openalex.org/W2063212559","https://openalex.org/W2066803106","https://openalex.org/W2067287674","https://openalex.org/W2079471445","https://openalex.org/W2079909900","https://openalex.org/W2080413586","https://openalex.org/W2081155210","https://openalex.org/W2090181986","https://openalex.org/W2097253456","https://openalex.org/W2098965004","https://openalex.org/W2099204879","https://openalex.org/W2101060138","https://openalex.org/W2101565071","https://openalex.org/W2103941001","https://openalex.org/W2110650733","https://openalex.org/W2113927484","https://openalex.org/W2118847637","https://openalex.org/W2124592069","https://openalex.org/W2129096200","https://openalex.org/W2142907139","https://openalex.org/W2148832986","https://openalex.org/W2160527383","https://openalex.org/W2161118930","https://openalex.org/W2164141173","https://openalex.org/W2171294503","https://openalex.org/W2278767063","https://openalex.org/W2314917418","https://openalex.org/W2335601192","https://openalex.org/W2390008750","https://openalex.org/W2397682357","https://openalex.org/W2415066799","https://openalex.org/W2419250362","https://openalex.org/W2498256696","https://openalex.org/W2606007816","https://openalex.org/W2607187588","https://openalex.org/W2795384523","https://openalex.org/W2907976930","https://openalex.org/W2925221143","https://openalex.org/W3128788269","https://openalex.org/W3214833809","https://openalex.org/W4245201398","https://openalex.org/W4255011933","https://openalex.org/W6616004411","https://openalex.org/W6638380345","https://openalex.org/W6716356013","https://openalex.org/W6816049251"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W961973360","https://openalex.org/W2159440727","https://openalex.org/W253540987","https://openalex.org/W2113927484","https://openalex.org/W2619523185","https://openalex.org/W1530730375","https://openalex.org/W424197299","https://openalex.org/W2101565071","https://openalex.org/W1992987082","https://openalex.org/W4298309472"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"In":[1],"North":[2],"America,":[3],"more":[4],"than":[5],"800,000":[6],"youth":[7,51],"are":[8,23,33,184],"registered":[9],"in":[10,56,115,160,169,197],"organized":[11],"ice":[12,52,71,117,257],"hockey":[13,53,72,258],"leagues.":[14,163],"Despite":[15],"the":[16,61,124,139,179,187,208,222],"many":[17],"benefits":[18],"of":[19,38,189,221],"involvement,":[20],"young":[21],"players":[22,54,146,168],"at":[24,249],"significant":[25],"risk":[26],"for":[27,109],"injury.":[28,238],"Body-checking":[29],"and":[30,76,83,107,123,143,152,166,193,206,225,230,252,259,264],"aggressive":[31,113,173,212,229],"play":[32,114,174,232],"associated":[34],"with":[35,68,261],"high":[36],"frequency":[37],"game-related":[39],"injury":[40],"including":[41,74],"concussion.":[42],"We":[43],"conducted":[44,67],"a":[45,84,127,218],"qualitative":[46],"study":[47,216],"to":[48,112,147,150,199,203,237,244],"understand":[49,200],"why":[50],"engage":[55],"aggressive,":[57],"injury-prone":[58],"behaviours":[59],"on":[60,92,98,130],"ice.":[62],"METHODS:":[63],"Semi-structured":[64],"interviews":[65],"were":[66,88,103],"61":[69],"minor":[70,116],"participants,":[73],"male":[75,167],"female":[77,165],"players,":[78],"parents,":[79],"coaches,":[80,121],"trainers,":[81],"managers":[82],"game":[85],"official.":[86],"Players":[87],"aged":[89],"13-15":[90],"playing":[91],"competitive":[93],"body":[94],"checking":[95,100,171],"teams":[96],"or":[97],"non-body":[99,170],"teams.":[101],"Interviews":[102],"manually":[104],"transcribed,":[105],"coded":[106],"analyzed":[108],"themes":[110],"relating":[111],"hockey.":[118],"RESULTS:":[119],"Parents,":[120],"teammates":[122,151,155],"media":[125],"exert":[126],"large":[128],"influence":[129],"player":[131],"behavior.":[132],"Aggressive":[133],"behavior":[134],"is":[135,175],"often":[136],"reinforced":[137,177],"by":[138,145,156,178],"player's":[140],"social":[141,180,190,194,209],"environment":[142,210],"justified":[144],"demonstrate":[148],"loyalty":[149],"especially":[153],"injured":[154],"seeking":[157],"revenge":[158,205],"particularly":[159],"competitive,":[161],"body-checking":[162],"Among":[164],"organizations,":[172],"not":[176],"environment.":[181],"These":[182],"findings":[183,240],"discussed":[185],"within":[186],"framework":[188],"identity":[191],"theory":[192],"learning":[195],"theory,":[196],"order":[198],"players'":[201,223],"need":[202],"seek":[204],"how":[207],"reinforces":[211],"behaviors.":[213],"CONCLUSION:":[214],"This":[215],"provides":[217],"better":[219],"understanding":[220],"motivations":[224],"environmental":[226],"influences":[227],"around":[228],"violent":[231],"which":[233],"may":[234],"be":[235,242],"conducive":[236],"The":[239],"can":[241],"used":[243],"help":[245],"design":[246],"interventions":[247],"aimed":[248],"reducing":[250],"aggression":[251],"related":[253],"injuries":[254],"sustained":[255],"during":[256],"sports":[260],"similar":[262],"cultures":[263],"rules.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
