{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2412958960","doi":null,"title":"Vagal nerve monitoring in surgery of the skull base: a comparison of efficacy of three techniques.","display_name":"Vagal nerve monitoring in surgery of the skull base: a comparison of efficacy of three techniques.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2412958960","mag":"2412958960","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10503589"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:10503589","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10503589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of otology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067011965","display_name":"Lance Elliot Jackson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142612","display_name":"California Ear Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/046rsbb51","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142612"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L E Jackson","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Ear Institute at Stanford, Division of Otolaryngology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto 94304-1608, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Ear Institute at Stanford, Division of Otolaryngology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto 94304-1608, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I4210142612"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109801592","display_name":"Joseph B. Roberson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J B Roberson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38594849,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":"649","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12476","display_name":"Intraoperative Neuromonitoring and Anesthetic Effects","score":0.9125999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12476","display_name":"Intraoperative Neuromonitoring and Anesthetic Effects","score":0.9125999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11728","display_name":"Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery","score":0.045499999076128006,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12580","display_name":"Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research","score":0.011300000362098217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laryngeal-electromyography","display_name":"laryngeal electromyography","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lateral-skull-base-surgery","display_name":"lateral skull base surgery","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nerve-injury-prevention","display_name":"nerve injury prevention","score":0.49799999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9417480230331421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777935861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965012","display_name":"Superior laryngeal nerve","level":3,"score":0.5235607028007507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.5212541222572327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.5190597176551819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.514612078666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780474809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9637","display_name":"Larynx","level":2,"score":0.3278816044330597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007442","descriptor_name":"Intubation, Intratracheal","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007442","descriptor_name":"Intubation, Intratracheal","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007442","descriptor_name":"Intubation, Intratracheal","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007828","descriptor_name":"Laryngoscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007828","descriptor_name":"Laryngoscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009431","descriptor_name":"Neural Conduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014630","descriptor_name":"Vagus Nerve","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016019","descriptor_name":"Survival Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016343","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Intraoperative","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016343","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Intraoperative","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016343","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Intraoperative","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019291","descriptor_name":"Skull Base","qualifier_ui":"Q000294","qualifier_name":"innervation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019291","descriptor_name":"Skull Base","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020704","descriptor_name":"Laryngoscopes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:10503589","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10503589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of otology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2412958960","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10503589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2416892232","https://openalex.org/W2328653999","https://openalex.org/W2317103497","https://openalex.org/W6908757210","https://openalex.org/W4391387628","https://openalex.org/W2462120486","https://openalex.org/W1997230105","https://openalex.org/W2318673738","https://openalex.org/W2557150602","https://openalex.org/W1483579649"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"compare":[2],"three":[3,55],"techniques":[4],"of":[5,99,146,173,198,206,232,269,281],"monitoring":[6,283],"the":[7,42,129,137,186,203,227,255,276],"vagal":[8,43,109,216,282],"nerve":[9,44,110,217],"during":[10],"skull":[11,37],"base":[12,38],"surgery":[13,39],"using":[14],"laryngeal":[15],"electromyography":[16],"(EMG).":[17],"STUDY":[18],"DESIGN:":[19],"Prospective":[20],"comparison.":[21],"SETTING:":[22],"California":[23],"Ear":[24],"Institute":[25],"at":[26,45,128],"Stanford,":[27],"tertiary":[28],"referral":[29],"center.":[30],"PATIENTS:":[31],"Seventeen":[32],"consecutive":[33],"patients":[34],"undergoing":[35],"lateral":[36],"potentially":[40],"placing":[41],"risk.":[46],"INTERVENTIONS:":[47],"Each":[48],"patient":[49],"was":[50,112,117,152,166,178,219,254],"simultaneously":[51],"monitored":[52],"intraoperatively":[53],"with":[54,136,159,245],"separate":[56],"EMG":[57,209],"techniques:":[58],"1)":[59],"endolaryngeal":[60,78,123,277],"surface":[61],"electrodes":[62,246],"mounted":[63],"on":[64],"an":[65],"endotracheal":[66],"tube":[67],"(ETT)":[68],"(Xomed":[69],"Surgical":[70],"Products,":[71],"Inc.,":[72],"Jacksonville,":[73],"FL);":[74],"2)":[75],"endoscopically":[76],"placed":[77,86,247],"thyroarytenoid":[79],"intramuscular":[80,88,124,150,251,278],"hookwire":[81,89],"electrodes;":[82],"and":[83,102,107,191,215,234,274],"3)":[84],"percutaneously":[85],"cricothyroid":[87],"electrodes.":[90],"MAIN":[91],"OUTCOME":[92],"MEASURES:":[93],"Sensitivity,":[94],"reliability,":[95,275],"response":[96,164,238],"magnitude,":[97],"incidence":[98,205],"false-positive":[100,208,237],"responses,":[101],"complications":[103,212],"were":[104,213],"recorded.":[105],"Preoperative":[106],"postoperative":[108],"function":[111,218],"noted.":[113],"RESULTS:":[114],"The":[115,122,148,175,200,249],"study":[116],"completed":[118],"in":[119,144,171,196,222],"13":[120],"patients.":[121,147],"electrode":[125,252,279],"technique":[126,151,253,280],"responded":[127,143],"lowest":[130,187,204,242],"current":[131],"stimulus":[132],"(mean,":[133],"0.073":[134],"mA)":[135,158],"highest":[138,271],"average":[139,162,188],"magnitude":[140,163,189],"response.":[141],"It":[142],"100%":[145],"percutaneous":[149,250],"similarly":[153],"sensitive":[154,180],"(mean":[155,181],"stimulus,":[156,182],"0.089":[157],"a":[160,235,265],"large":[161],"but":[165],"much":[167],"less":[168,179],"reliable":[169],"(responded":[170,195],"69.2%":[172],"patients).":[174,199],"Xomed":[176,228],"ETT":[177,201,229],"0.120":[183],"mA),":[184],"had":[185],"response,":[190],"demonstrated":[192,241],"medium":[193],"reliability":[194],"76.9%":[197],"exhibited":[202,230],"spontaneous":[207],"activity.":[210],"No":[211],"noted,":[214],"not":[220],"compromised":[221],"any":[223],"patient.":[224],"CONCLUSIONS:":[225],"Although":[226],"ease":[231],"placement":[233],"low":[236],"rate,":[239],"it":[240,264],"sensitivity":[243,273],"compared":[244],"intramuscularly.":[248],"least":[256],"reliable,":[257],"likely":[258],"related":[259],"to":[260],"blind":[261],"insertion,":[262],"making":[263],"less-desirable":[266],"technique.":[267],"Because":[268],"its":[270],"relative":[272],"is":[284],"best":[285],"supported":[286],"by":[287],"this":[288],"study.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
