{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2412932806","doi":null,"title":"Gene therapy in the adult primate brain: intraparenchymal grafts of cells genetically modified to produce nerve growth factor prevent cholinergic neuronal degeneration.","display_name":"Gene therapy in the adult primate brain: intraparenchymal grafts of cells genetically modified to produce nerve growth factor prevent cholinergic neuronal degeneration.","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2412932806","mag":"2412932806","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8732162"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:8732162","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8732162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gene therapy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055508729","display_name":"Mark H. Tuszynski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4182-1481","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4182-1481"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M H Tuszynski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037061653","display_name":"Jeffrey A. Roberts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0159-6112","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0159-6112"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Roberts","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108416598","display_name":"Marie\u2010Claude Senut","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M C Senut","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111814129","display_name":"H S U","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H S U","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072968010","display_name":"Fred H. Gage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0938-4106","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0938-4106"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F H Gage","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2435,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":163,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9340957,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"305","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10483","display_name":"Nerve injury and regeneration","score":0.6323000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10483","display_name":"Nerve injury and regeneration","score":0.6323000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10613","display_name":"Virus-based gene therapy research","score":0.28299999237060547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.015599999576807022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-therapy","display_name":"gene therapy","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nerve-growth-factor","display_name":"nerve growth factor","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholinergic-neurons","display_name":"cholinergic neurons","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurodegeneration","display_name":"neurodegeneration","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fornix-transection","display_name":"fornix transection","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-forebrain","display_name":"basal forebrain","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurotrophin-delivery","display_name":"neurotrophin delivery","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primate-brain","display_name":"primate brain","score":0.5619999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776287375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3407681","display_name":"Basal forebrain","level":3,"score":0.8631764054298401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104966671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12167532","display_name":"Cholinergic neuron","level":3,"score":0.7895753383636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778423431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417782","display_name":"Nerve growth factor","level":3,"score":0.7545922994613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92020748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420457","display_name":"Neurotrophin","level":3,"score":0.6632835268974304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22885893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4862743","display_name":"Cholinergic","level":2,"score":0.581323504447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5808902978897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160539049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3064187","display_name":"Neurotrophic factors","level":3,"score":0.5362401008605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111599444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213901","display_name":"Genetic enhancement","level":3,"score":0.5099242925643921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5003519058227539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.4793703854084015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779354088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15467261","display_name":"Degeneration (medical)","level":2,"score":0.42279553413391113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.4000018239021301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22950488328933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.08367854356765747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0716894268989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002799","descriptor_name":"Cholinergic Fibers","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002799","descriptor_name":"Cholinergic Fibers","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005347","descriptor_name":"Fibroblasts","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005347","descriptor_name":"Fibroblasts","qualifier_ui":"Q000637","qualifier_name":"transplantation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008252","descriptor_name":"Macaca fascicularis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008253","descriptor_name":"Macaca mulatta","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009410","descriptor_name":"Nerve Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009410","descriptor_name":"Nerve Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009414","descriptor_name":"Nerve Growth Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009414","descriptor_name":"Nerve Growth Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014182","descriptor_name":"Transplantation, Autologous","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015316","descriptor_name":"Genetic Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:8732162","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8732162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gene therapy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2412932806","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8732162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1520744344","display_name":"Gene Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease","funder_award_id":"P01AG010435","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8440369538","display_name":"SYNAPTIC INTEGRATION OF GRAFTS TO SENESCENT HIPPOCAMPUS","funder_award_id":"F32AG005512","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086763341","https://openalex.org/W1639832183","https://openalex.org/W2047945439","https://openalex.org/W2401087041","https://openalex.org/W2075297034","https://openalex.org/W2060646430","https://openalex.org/W2150799457","https://openalex.org/W1963860879","https://openalex.org/W2065905805","https://openalex.org/W2392859850"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gene":[0,173],"therapy":[1,174],"may":[2],"be":[3],"a":[4,210,232],"useful":[5],"means":[6,233],"of":[7,16,29,45,76,85,104,130,168,191,205,220,234],"delivering":[8],"substances":[9,192],"to":[10,35,55,73,113,134,149,156,213,225],"the":[11,21,94,128,157,166,194,214,226],"brain":[12,160,178,227],"that":[13],"are":[14],"capable":[15],"preventing":[17,235],"neuronal":[18,138,237],"degeneration.":[19],"In":[20],"present":[22],"experiment,":[23],"we":[24],"determined":[25],"whether":[26],"intraparenchymal":[27,153,177],"transplants":[28],"primary":[30,49],"autologous":[31,83],"cells":[32],"genetically":[33,53],"modified":[34,54],"produce":[36,56],"nerve":[37],"growth":[38],"factor":[39],"(NGF)":[40],"would":[41],"prevent":[42,165],"injury-induced":[43],"degeneration":[44,75,139,167,238],"cholinergic":[46,79,105,171,236],"neurons.":[47,151,172],"Cultured":[48],"monkey":[50],"fibroblasts":[51,91],"were":[52,144],"human":[57,240],"NGF,":[58],"and":[59,81,197],"secreted":[60],"13.2":[61],"ng":[62],"NGF/10(6)":[63],"cells/h":[64],"in":[65,109,117,209,239],"vitro.":[66],"Adult":[67],"monkeys":[68],"then":[69],"underwent":[70],"fornix":[71],"transections":[72],"induce":[74],"basal":[77,95,169],"forebrain":[78,96,170],"neurons,":[80],"received":[82],"grafts":[84,143],"either":[86],"NGF-producing":[87],"or":[88],"control,":[89],"beta-galactosidase-producing":[90],"directly":[92],"into":[93],"region.":[97],"One":[98],"month":[99],"later,":[100],"61.7":[101],"+/-":[102,115],"8.9%":[103],"neurons":[106],"remained":[107],"indentifiable":[108],"NGF-graft":[110],"recipients":[111,120],"compared":[112],"26.2":[114],"5.0%":[116],"control":[118],"graft":[119,131],"(P":[121],"<":[122],"0.02).":[123],"Neuronal":[124],"protection":[125,136],"correlated":[126],"with":[127],"accuracy":[129],"placement:":[132],"up":[133],"92%":[135],"from":[137],"occurred":[140],"when":[141],"NGF-secreting":[142],"accurately":[145],"placed":[146],"immediately":[147],"adjacent":[148],"injured":[150],"Thus,":[152],"NGF":[154,221],"delivery":[155,219],"adult":[158],"primate":[159],"by":[161,189,222],"gene":[162,223],"transfer":[163,224],"can":[164,175],"target":[176],"sites":[179],"for":[180],"regionally":[181],"specific":[182],"neurotrophin":[183],"delivery,":[184],"thereby":[185],"avoiding":[186,202],"limitations":[187],"imposed":[188],"diffusion":[190],"across":[193],"blood-brain":[195],"barrier":[196],"through":[198],"CNS":[199],"parenchyma,":[200],"while":[201],"adverse":[203],"effects":[204],"neurotrophic":[206],"factors":[207],"delivered":[208],"non-directed":[211],"manner":[212],"central":[215],"nervous":[216],"system.":[217],"The":[218],"merits":[228],"further":[229],"study":[230],"as":[231,243],"disorders":[241],"such":[242],"Alzheimer's":[244],"disease.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}